Abstract

The past three decades has seen significant advancements in instrumental detection techniques for both organic and inorganic analytes, leading to more accurate and precise measurements. The relevance of sample preparation prior to instrumental reading cannot be underestimated, and this area has also seen major improvements, with solid phase extraction (SPE) and its miniaturized version (solid phase microextraction, SPME) serving as an efficient clean-up and preconcentration method for analytes. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) belong to the new generation of sorbents, and their characteristic small size and easy manipulation under magnetic field make them ideal materials for extraction of several analytes. This review presents the basic principles of SPE and SPME, and lays more emphasis on different types of MNPs that have been used as efficient separation and preconcentration tools. In addition, application of MNPs for the determination of trace elements in environmental, biological and food samples are well documented in this review.

摘要

在过去的三个十年中，有机和无机分析物的仪器检测技术取得了重大进展，从而实现了更准确和更精确的测量。仪器读数之前样品制备的相关性不容小觑，该领域也取得了重大改进，固相萃取 (SPE) 及其小型化版本（固相微萃取，SPME）作为一种有效的净化和预浓缩方法对于分析物。磁性纳米粒子（MNPs）属于新一代吸附剂，其体积小、在磁场下易于操作的特点使其成为多种分析物提取的理想材料。本综述介绍了 SPE 和 SPME 的基本原理，并更加强调已被用作有效分离和预浓缩工具的不同类型的 MNP。此外，MNP 用于测定环境、生物和食品样品中的微量元素的应用在本综述中有详细记录。