ABSTRACT

Clinical anxiety and depression are the most prevalent mental illnesses, likely representing maladaptive expressions of negative valence systems concerned with conditioned responses to fear, threat, loss, and frustrative nonreward. These conditions exhibit similar, striking sex/gender-related differences in onset, incidence, and severity for which the neural correlates are not yet established. In alarge sample of neurotypical young adults, we demonstrate that intrinsic brain dynamism metrics derived from sex-sensitive models of whole-brain network function are significantly associated with valence system traits. Surprisingly, we found that greater brain dynamism is strongly positively correlated to anxiety and depression traits in males, but almost wholly decoupled from traits for important cognitive control and reappraisal strategies associated with positive valence. Conversely, intrinsic brain dynamism is strongly positively coupled to drive, novelty-seeking and self-control in females with only rare or non-significant directional negative correlation with anxiety and depression traits. Our results suggest that the dynamic neural correlates of traits for valence, anxiety and depression are significantly different in males/men and females/women. These findings may relate to the known sex/gender-related differences in cognitive reappraisal of emotional experiences and clinical presentations of anxiety and depression, with potential relevance to gold standard therapies based on enhancing cognitive control strategies.

摘要

临床焦虑和抑郁是最普遍的精神疾病，可能代表负价系统的适应不良表达，与对恐惧、威胁、损失和令人沮丧的无奖励的条件反应有关。这些情况在发病率、发病率和严重程度方面表现出类似的、显着的性别/性别相关差异，但尚未建立神经相关性。在大量神经典型的年轻人样本中，我们证明了源自全脑网络功能的性别敏感模型的内在大脑活力指标与价系统特征显着相关。令人惊讶的是，我们发现更大的大脑活力与男性的焦虑和抑郁特征呈强正相关，但几乎完全脱离了与积极效价相关的重要认知控制和重新评估策略的特征。相反，内在的大脑活力与女性的驱动力、新奇寻求和自我控制强烈正相关，与焦虑和抑郁特征只有罕见或不显着的定向负相关。我们的结果表明，男性/男性和女性/女性的效价、焦虑和抑郁特征的动态神经相关性显着不同。这些发现可能与情绪体验的认知重新评估以及焦虑和抑郁的临床表现中已知的性别/性别相关差异有关，可能与基于增强认知控制策略的金标准疗法相关。内在的大脑活力与女性的驱动力、新奇寻求和自我控制强烈正相关，与焦虑和抑郁特征只有罕见或不显着的定向负相关。我们的结果表明，男性/男性和女性/女性的效价、焦虑和抑郁特征的动态神经相关性显着不同。这些发现可能与情绪体验的认知重新评估以及焦虑和抑郁的临床表现中已知的性别/性别相关差异有关，可能与基于增强认知控制策略的金标准疗法相关。内在的大脑活力与女性的驱动力、新奇寻求和自我控制强烈正相关，与焦虑和抑郁特征只有罕见或不显着的定向负相关。我们的结果表明，男性/男性和女性/女性的效价、焦虑和抑郁特征的动态神经相关性显着不同。这些发现可能与情绪体验的认知重新评估以及焦虑和抑郁的临床表现中已知的性别/性别相关差异有关，可能与基于增强认知控制策略的金标准疗法相关。我们的结果表明，男性/男性和女性/女性的效价、焦虑和抑郁特征的动态神经相关性显着不同。这些发现可能与情绪体验的认知重新评估以及焦虑和抑郁的临床表现中已知的性别/性别相关差异有关，可能与基于增强认知控制策略的金标准疗法相关。我们的结果表明，男性/男性和女性/女性的效价、焦虑和抑郁特征的动态神经相关性显着不同。这些发现可能与情绪体验的认知重新评估以及焦虑和抑郁的临床表现中已知的性别/性别相关差异有关，可能与基于增强认知控制策略的金标准疗法相关。