Abstract

Background/Objective

To assess the impact of noted long-term changes in US labor relations and labor market structures on the rapid rise of overdose death in the United States.

Methods

State-level overdose death rates obtained from the Centers for Disease Control were combined with Bureau of Labor Statistics data on manufacturing employment, unionization and self-employment, as well as Census data on key demographic variables to construct a longitudinal dataset (N = 51, including Washington D.C.). Linear regressions were conducted on a logged transformation of overdose death rate increases from 1999 to 2017.

Results

Deindustrialization and low self-employment significantly predict state-level increases in overdose death rates across all models; union decline approaches significance. Together, these three factors explain nearly 40% of variance in overdose death change between 1999 and 2017, maintaining predictive power in the presence of controls.

Conclusion

Labor relations emerge as important predictors of overdose death and addiction. Specifically, worker autonomy—which is typically higher in manufacturing over frontline service, self-employed over dependent wage and salary, and unionized over nonunion jobs—appears to contribute in its decline to deleterious substance use.

中文翻译：

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美国劳资关系与药物过量危机

摘要

背景/目标

评估美国劳资关系和劳动力市场结构的显着长期变化对美国过量死亡迅速上升的影响。

方法

从疾病控制中心获得的州级药物过量死亡率与劳工统计局关于制造业就业、工会和自营职业的数据以及关于关键人口统计变量的人口普查数据相结合，以构建纵向数据集（N  = 51，包括华盛顿特区）。对 1999 年至 2017 年过量死亡率增加的对数转换进行了线性回归。

结果

去工业化和低自营职业显着预测了所有模型中过量死亡率的州级增长；工会衰落接近意义。这三个因素共同解释了 1999 年至 2017 年期间过量死亡变化的近 40% 的差异，在存在对照的情况下保持预测能力。

结论

劳资关系成为过量死亡和成瘾的重要预测因素。具体来说，工人的自主性——在制造业中通常高于一线服务，个体经营者高于依赖工资和薪水，以及工会高于非工会工作——似乎有助于其减少有害物质使用。