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Unique targeting of androgen‐dependent and ‐independent AR signaling in prostate cancer to overcome androgen resistance
The FASEB Journal ( IF 4.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-26 , DOI: 10.1096/fj.201903167r
Syer C Lim 1, 2 , Patric J Jansson 2 , Stephen J Assinder 3 , Sanaz Maleki 4 , Des R Richardson 2, 5, 6 , Zaklina Kovacevic 1, 2
Affiliation  

The androgen receptor (AR) is a major driver of prostate cancer (PCa) and a key therapeutic target for AR inhibitors (ie, Enzalutamide). However, Enzalutamide only inhibits androgen‐dependent AR signaling, enabling intrinsic AR activation via androgen‐independent pathways, leading to aggressive castration‐resistant PCa (CRPC). We investigated the ability of novel anti‐cancer agents, Dp44mT and DpC, to overcome androgen resistance. The effect of Dp44mT and DpC on androgen‐dependent and independent AR signaling was assessed in androgen‐dependent and ‐independent PCa cells using 2D‐ and 3D‐tissue culture. The clinically trialed DpC was then examined in vivo and compared to Enzalutamide. These agents uniquely promote AR proteasomal degradation and inhibit AR transcription in PCa cells via the upregulation of c‐Jun, potently reducing the AR target, prostate‐specific antigen (PSA). These agents also inhibited the activation of key molecules in both androgen‐dependent and independent AR signaling (ie, EGFR, MAPK, PI3K), which promote CRPC. The clinically trialed DpC also significantly inhibited PCa tumor growth, AR, and PSA expression in vivo, being more potent than Enzalutamide. DpC is a promising candidate for a unique, structurally distinct generation of AR inhibitors that simultaneously target both androgen‐dependent and independent arms of AR signaling. No other therapies exhibit such comprehensive and potent AR suppression, which is critical for overcoming the development of androgen resistance.

中文翻译:

前列腺癌中雄激素依赖性和非依赖性 AR 信号的独特靶向以克服雄激素抵抗

雄激素受体 (AR) 是前列腺癌 (PCa) 的主要驱动因素,也是 AR 抑制剂(即 Enzalutamide)的关键治疗靶点。然而,恩杂鲁胺仅抑制雄激素依赖性 AR 信号传导,通过雄激素非依赖性途径激活内在 AR,导致侵袭性去势抵抗性 PCa (CRPC)。我们研究了新型抗癌药物 Dp44mT 和 DpC 克服雄激素抵抗的能力。使用 2D 和 3D 组织培养在雄激素依赖性和非依赖性 PCa 细胞中评估 Dp44mT 和 DpC 对雄激素依赖性和独立 AR 信号的影响。然后在体内检查临床试验的 DpC 并与恩杂鲁胺进行比较。这些药物通过上调 c-Jun 独特地促进 AR 蛋白酶体降解并抑制 PCa 细胞中的 AR 转录,有效地减少 AR 靶标,前列腺特异性抗原 (PSA)。这些药物还抑制雄激素依赖性和独立 AR 信号传导(即 EGFR、MAPK、PI3K)中关键分子的激活,从而促进 CRPC。临床试验的 DpC 还显着抑制了体内 PCa 肿瘤的生长、AR 和 PSA 表达,比 Enzalutamide 更有效。DpC 是独特的、结构不同的一代 AR 抑制剂的有希望的候选者,该抑制剂同时靶向雄激素依赖性和独立的 AR 信号通路。没有其他疗法表现出如此全面和有效的 AR 抑制,这对于克服雄激素抵抗的发展至关重要。临床试验的 DpC 还显着抑制了体内 PCa 肿瘤的生长、AR 和 PSA 表达,比 Enzalutamide 更有效。DpC 是独特的、结构不同的一代 AR 抑制剂的有希望的候选者,该抑制剂同时靶向雄激素依赖性和独立的 AR 信号通路。没有其他疗法表现出如此全面和有效的 AR 抑制,这对于克服雄激素抵抗的发展至关重要。临床试验的 DpC 还显着抑制了体内 PCa 肿瘤的生长、AR 和 PSA 表达,比 Enzalutamide 更有效。DpC 是独特的、结构不同的一代 AR 抑制剂的有希望的候选者,该抑制剂同时靶向雄激素依赖性和独立的 AR 信号通路。没有其他疗法表现出如此全面和有效的 AR 抑制,这对于克服雄激素抵抗的发展至关重要。
更新日期:2020-07-26
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