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EUNIS Habitat Classification: expert system, characteristic species combinations and distribution maps of European habitats
Applied Vegetation Science ( IF 2.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-16 , DOI: 10.1111/avsc.12519 Milan Chytrý 1 , Lubomír Tichý 1 , Stephan M. Hennekens 2 , Ilona Knollová 1 , John A. M. Janssen 2 , John S. Rodwell 3 , Tomáš Peterka 1 , Corrado Marcenò 1 , Flavia Landucci 1 , Jiří Danihelka 1 , Michal Hájek 1 , Jürgen Dengler 4, 5, 6 , Pavel Novák 1 , Dominik Zukal 1 , Borja Jiménez‐Alfaro 7 , Ladislav Mucina 8, 9 , Sylvain Abdulhak 10 , Svetlana Aćić 11 , Emiliano Agrillo 12 , Fabio Attorre 13 , Erwin Bergmeier 14 , Idoia Biurrun 15 , Steffen Boch 16 , János Bölöni 17 , Gianmaria Bonari 1, 18 , Tatiana Braslavskaya 19 , Helge Bruelheide 6, 20 , Juan Antonio Campos 15 , Andraž Čarni 21, 22 , Laura Casella 12 , Mirjana Ćuk 23 , Renata Ćušterevska 24 , Els De Bie 25 , Pauline Delbosc 26 , Olga Demina 27 , Yakiv Didukh 28 , Daniel Dítě 29 , Tetiana Dziuba 28 , Jörg Ewald 30 , Rosario G. Gavilán 31 , Jean‐Claude Gégout 32 , Gian Pietro Giusso del Galdo 33 , Valentin Golub 34 , Nadezhda Goncharova 35 , Friedemann Goral 14 , Ulrich Graf 16 , Adrian Indreica 36 , Maike Isermann 37 , Ute Jandt 6, 20 , Florian Jansen 38 , Jan Jansen 39 , Anni Jašková 1 , Martin Jiroušek 1, 40 , Zygmunt Kącki 41 , Veronika Kalníková 1 , Ali Kavgacı 42 , Larisa Khanina 43 , Andrey Yu. Korolyuk 44 , Mariya Kozhevnikova 45 , Anna Kuzemko 1, 28 , Filip Küzmič 21 , Oleg L. Kuznetsov 46 , Māris Laiviņš 47 , Igor Lavrinenko 48 , Olga Lavrinenko 48 , Maria Lebedeva 49 , Zdeňka Lososová 1 , Tatiana Lysenko 34, 48 , Lise Maciejewski 32, 50 , Constantin Mardari 51 , Aleksander Marinšek 52 , Maxim G. Napreenko 53 , Viktor Onyshchenko 28 , Aaron Pérez‐Haase 54, 55 , Remigiusz Pielech 56 , Vadim Prokhorov 45 , Valerijus Rašomavičius 57 , Maria Pilar Rodríguez Rojo 58 , Solvita Rūsiņa 59 , Joachim Schrautzer 60 , Jozef Šibík 29 , Urban Šilc 21 , Željko Škvorc 61 , Viktor A. Smagin 48 , Zvjezdana Stančić 62 , Angela Stanisci 63 , Elena Tikhonova 19 , Tiina Tonteri 64 , Domas Uogintas 57 , Milan Valachovič 29 , Kiril Vassilev 65 , Denys Vynokurov 1, 28 , Wolfgang Willner 66 , Sergey Yamalov 49 , Douglas Evans 67 , Mette Palitzsch Lund 68 , Rania Spyropoulou 68 , Eleni Tryfon 68 , Joop H. J. Schaminée 2
Applied Vegetation Science ( IF 2.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-16 , DOI: 10.1111/avsc.12519 Milan Chytrý 1 , Lubomír Tichý 1 , Stephan M. Hennekens 2 , Ilona Knollová 1 , John A. M. Janssen 2 , John S. Rodwell 3 , Tomáš Peterka 1 , Corrado Marcenò 1 , Flavia Landucci 1 , Jiří Danihelka 1 , Michal Hájek 1 , Jürgen Dengler 4, 5, 6 , Pavel Novák 1 , Dominik Zukal 1 , Borja Jiménez‐Alfaro 7 , Ladislav Mucina 8, 9 , Sylvain Abdulhak 10 , Svetlana Aćić 11 , Emiliano Agrillo 12 , Fabio Attorre 13 , Erwin Bergmeier 14 , Idoia Biurrun 15 , Steffen Boch 16 , János Bölöni 17 , Gianmaria Bonari 1, 18 , Tatiana Braslavskaya 19 , Helge Bruelheide 6, 20 , Juan Antonio Campos 15 , Andraž Čarni 21, 22 , Laura Casella 12 , Mirjana Ćuk 23 , Renata Ćušterevska 24 , Els De Bie 25 , Pauline Delbosc 26 , Olga Demina 27 , Yakiv Didukh 28 , Daniel Dítě 29 , Tetiana Dziuba 28 , Jörg Ewald 30 , Rosario G. Gavilán 31 , Jean‐Claude Gégout 32 , Gian Pietro Giusso del Galdo 33 , Valentin Golub 34 , Nadezhda Goncharova 35 , Friedemann Goral 14 , Ulrich Graf 16 , Adrian Indreica 36 , Maike Isermann 37 , Ute Jandt 6, 20 , Florian Jansen 38 , Jan Jansen 39 , Anni Jašková 1 , Martin Jiroušek 1, 40 , Zygmunt Kącki 41 , Veronika Kalníková 1 , Ali Kavgacı 42 , Larisa Khanina 43 , Andrey Yu. Korolyuk 44 , Mariya Kozhevnikova 45 , Anna Kuzemko 1, 28 , Filip Küzmič 21 , Oleg L. Kuznetsov 46 , Māris Laiviņš 47 , Igor Lavrinenko 48 , Olga Lavrinenko 48 , Maria Lebedeva 49 , Zdeňka Lososová 1 , Tatiana Lysenko 34, 48 , Lise Maciejewski 32, 50 , Constantin Mardari 51 , Aleksander Marinšek 52 , Maxim G. Napreenko 53 , Viktor Onyshchenko 28 , Aaron Pérez‐Haase 54, 55 , Remigiusz Pielech 56 , Vadim Prokhorov 45 , Valerijus Rašomavičius 57 , Maria Pilar Rodríguez Rojo 58 , Solvita Rūsiņa 59 , Joachim Schrautzer 60 , Jozef Šibík 29 , Urban Šilc 21 , Željko Škvorc 61 , Viktor A. Smagin 48 , Zvjezdana Stančić 62 , Angela Stanisci 63 , Elena Tikhonova 19 , Tiina Tonteri 64 , Domas Uogintas 57 , Milan Valachovič 29 , Kiril Vassilev 65 , Denys Vynokurov 1, 28 , Wolfgang Willner 66 , Sergey Yamalov 49 , Douglas Evans 67 , Mette Palitzsch Lund 68 , Rania Spyropoulou 68 , Eleni Tryfon 68 , Joop H. J. Schaminée 2
Affiliation
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Aim The EUNIS Habitat Classification is a widely used reference framework for European habitat types (habitats), but it lacks formal definitions of individual habitats that would enable their unequivocal identification. Our goal was to develop a tool for assigning vegetation‐plot records to the habitats of the EUNIS system, use it to classify a European vegetation‐plot database, and compile statistically‐derived characteristic species combinations and distribution maps for these habitats. Location Europe. Methods We developed the classification expert system EUNIS‐ESy, which contains definitions of individual EUNIS habitats based on their species composition and geographic location. Each habitat was formally defined as a formula in a computer language combining algebraic and set‐theoretic concepts with formal logical operators. We applied this expert system to classify 1,261,373 vegetation plots from the European Vegetation Archive (EVA) and other databases. Then we determined diagnostic, constant and dominant species for each habitat by calculating species‐to‐habitat fidelity and constancy (occurrence frequency) in the classified data set. Finally, we mapped the plot locations for each habitat. Results Formal definitions were developed for 199 habitats at Level 3 of the EUNIS hierarchy, including 25 coastal, 18 wetland, 55 grassland, 43 shrubland, 46 forest and 12 man‐made habitats. The expert system classified 1,125,121 vegetation plots to these habitat groups and 73,188 to other habitats, while 63,064 plots remained unclassified or were classified to more than one habitat. Data on each habitat were summarized in factsheets containing habitat description, distribution map, corresponding syntaxa and characteristic species combination. Conclusions EUNIS habitats were characterized for the first time in terms of their species composition and distribution, based on a classification of a European database of vegetation plots using the newly developed electronic expert system EUNIS‐ESy. The data provided and the expert system have considerable potential for future use in European nature conservation planning, monitoring and assessment.
中文翻译：
EUNIS栖息地分类：专家系统、特征物种组合和欧洲栖息地分布图
目标 EUNIS 栖息地分类是一个广泛使用的欧洲栖息地类型（栖息地）参考框架，但它缺乏能够明确识别单个栖息地的正式定义。我们的目标是开发一种工具，用于将植被地块记录分配给 EUNIS 系统的栖息地，使用它对欧洲植被地块数据库进行分类，并为这些栖息地编制统计衍生的特征物种组合和分布图。地点欧洲。方法 我们开发了分类专家系统 EUNIS-ESy，其中包含基于物种组成和地理位置的单个 EUNIS 栖息地的定义。每个栖息地都被正式定义为计算机语言中的公式，将代数和集合论概念与形式逻辑运算符相结合。我们应用该专家系统对来自欧洲植被档案 (EVA) 和其他数据库的 1,261,373 个植被地块进行分类。然后我们通过计算分类数据集中的物种对栖息地的保真度和稳定性（出现频率）来确定每个栖息地的诊断、恒定和优势物种。最后，我们绘制了每个栖息地的地块位置。结果 为 EUNIS 等级 3 的 199 个栖息地制定了正式定义，包括 25 个沿海、18 个湿地、55 个草地、43 个灌木丛、46 个森林和 12 个人造栖息地。专家系统将 1,125,121 个植被地块归类到这些栖息地组，将 73,188 个植被地块归类到其他栖息地，而 63,064 个地块仍未分类或被归类到一个以上的栖息地。每个栖息地的数据汇总在包含栖息地描述的情况说明书中，分布图、对应句法和特征种组合。结论 基于使用新开发的电子专家系统 EUNIS-ESy 对欧洲植被图数据库进行分类，首次在物种组成和分布方面对 EUNIS 栖息地进行了表征。所提供的数据和专家系统在未来用于欧洲自然保护规划、监测和评估方面具有相当大的潜力。
更新日期：2020-08-16
中文翻译：
EUNIS栖息地分类：专家系统、特征物种组合和欧洲栖息地分布图
目标 EUNIS 栖息地分类是一个广泛使用的欧洲栖息地类型（栖息地）参考框架，但它缺乏能够明确识别单个栖息地的正式定义。我们的目标是开发一种工具，用于将植被地块记录分配给 EUNIS 系统的栖息地，使用它对欧洲植被地块数据库进行分类，并为这些栖息地编制统计衍生的特征物种组合和分布图。地点欧洲。方法 我们开发了分类专家系统 EUNIS-ESy，其中包含基于物种组成和地理位置的单个 EUNIS 栖息地的定义。每个栖息地都被正式定义为计算机语言中的公式，将代数和集合论概念与形式逻辑运算符相结合。我们应用该专家系统对来自欧洲植被档案 (EVA) 和其他数据库的 1,261,373 个植被地块进行分类。然后我们通过计算分类数据集中的物种对栖息地的保真度和稳定性（出现频率）来确定每个栖息地的诊断、恒定和优势物种。最后，我们绘制了每个栖息地的地块位置。结果 为 EUNIS 等级 3 的 199 个栖息地制定了正式定义，包括 25 个沿海、18 个湿地、55 个草地、43 个灌木丛、46 个森林和 12 个人造栖息地。专家系统将 1,125,121 个植被地块归类到这些栖息地组，将 73,188 个植被地块归类到其他栖息地，而 63,064 个地块仍未分类或被归类到一个以上的栖息地。每个栖息地的数据汇总在包含栖息地描述的情况说明书中，分布图、对应句法和特征种组合。结论 基于使用新开发的电子专家系统 EUNIS-ESy 对欧洲植被图数据库进行分类，首次在物种组成和分布方面对 EUNIS 栖息地进行了表征。所提供的数据和专家系统在未来用于欧洲自然保护规划、监测和评估方面具有相当大的潜力。
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