Abstract The so-called Basque crossroads constitutes a small region disposed on both slopes of the western Pyrenees, with one part on the north of the Iberian Peninsula and another, on the southwest of present-day France. Throughout the Pleistocene, it has been the main path for human populations to transit between the Iberian Peninsula and the rest of Europe, given that the orography and the presence of a vast frozen steppe in the current region of the Landes set the human mobility through known corridors. On the other hand, in the last two decades, it has been proven that this is the only area of the Cantabrian region with high permeability to other regions of the Iberian Peninsula, such as the Ebro Valley, or the Castile northern Plateau. Both findings require to modify the previous vision of the Upper Palaeolithic in the area. From a geographical and palaeoenvironmental point of view, this characterisation as a crossroads region has relevant implications. Despite its small dimensions, there are numerous climatic nuances between very close areas in space. All this variability increases in exponential terms when we also value a broad range time scale.

中文翻译：

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巴斯克十字路口的 Gravettian 和 Solutrean：西比利牛斯的气候变化和人类适应

摘要 所谓的巴斯克十字路口是位于比利牛斯山脉西部两侧斜坡上的一个小区域，一部分位于伊比利亚半岛北部，另一部分位于当今法国的西南部。在整个更新世，它一直是人类在伊比利亚半岛和欧洲其他地区之间过境的主要途径，因为目前朗德地区的地形和广阔的冰冻草原的存在通过已知的方式设定了人类的流动性。走廊。另一方面，在过去的二十年里，已经证明这是坎塔布连地区唯一一个对伊比利亚半岛其他地区如埃布罗河谷或卡斯蒂利亚北部高原具有高渗透性的地区。这两项发现都需要修改先前对该地区旧石器时代晚期的看法。从地理和古环境的角度来看，这种作为十字路口地区的特征具有相关意义。尽管它的尺寸很小，但太空中非常接近的区域之间存在许多气候细微差别。当我们也重视广泛的时间尺度时，所有这些可变性都会以指数形式增加。