Abstract The effect of phase transition and exfoliation time on electro-responsive behavior of black phosphorus is identified by introducing black phosphorus and phosphorene to electrorheological fluid. Black phosphorus is successfully fabricated by mechanical milling for phase transition from red phosphorus, and phosphorene is fabricated by ultrasonication of the prepared black phosphorus. The morphology, degree of phase transition, and electrical conductivity of black phosphorus and phosphorene are precisely controlled by modifying the duration of both milling and delamination. It can be corroborated from a comprehensive study that the electrical conductivity as well as morphology affect the electro-responsive behaviors of black phosphorus and phosphorene. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the meticulous control of phase transition and the potential of both black phosphorus and phosphorene as candidate materials for lectrorheological fluids. This study may provide understanding of the electro-responsive characteristics of black phosphorus and phosphorene, broadening the perspective of electro-responsive smart fluids.

中文翻译：

---

具有定制相变和剥落的黑磷基智能电流变液

摘要 通过在电流变液中引入黑磷和磷烯，确定了相变和剥离时间对黑磷电响应行为的影响。通过机械研磨从红磷相变成功制备黑磷，并通过超声处理制备的黑磷制备磷烯。通过改变研磨和分层的持续时间，可以精确控制黑磷和磷烯的形态、相变程度和电导率。综合研究可以证实，电导率和形态会影响黑磷和磷烯的电响应行为。据我们所知，这是关于相变的精细控制以及黑磷和磷烯作为电流变流体候选材料的潜力的第一份报告。该研究可能有助于了解黑磷和磷烯的电响应特性，拓宽电响应智能流体的视野。