Abstract Lead (Pb) and antimony (Sb) associated with bullets pose a long term contamination risk in shooting ranges because bullet fragments weather over years to decades. In this study we analyzed bullet and soil samples from a historic military shooting range in interior Alaska. Bulk speciation analysis coupled with micro-scale analytical methods demonstrate the presence of Sb(V) in octahedral coordination with 5.3(1) O and a second shell of 3(1) Fe atoms is the primary species present in the weathered bullet crust. However, trivalent Sb bound to 3.1(2) O atoms is likely the initial oxidation species as detected at the soil/alloy interface of a weathered bullet from this study. Similar analysis shows that cerussite (PbCO3), hydrocerussite (Pb3(CO3)2(OH)2), and litharge (PbO) comprise the majority of the Pb species in the weathering crust but Pb(II) adsorbed to Fe(III) oxides are also present in the soil distal to the source material. These results show differences in speciation between the weathering crust and soil fraction in shooting range samples and highlight the natural association of Pb and Sb with Fe. Understanding metal speciation is a critical first step in developing and implementing remediation strategies in small arms shooting ranges.

中文翻译：

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与阿拉斯加历史悠久的射击场中子弹风化有关的铅和锑物种形成

摘要 与子弹相关的铅 (Pb) 和锑 (Sb) 会对射击场造成长期污染风险，因为子弹碎片会经受数年至数十年的风化。在这项研究中，我们分析了阿拉斯加内陆一个历史悠久的军事射击场的子弹和土壤样本。大块形态分析与微尺度分析方法相结合，表明 Sb(V) 与 5.3(1) O 八面体配位，并且 3(1) Fe 原子的第二壳是风化弹壳中存在的主要物种。然而，与 3.1(2) O 原子结合的三价 Sb 可能是本研究中在风化子弹的土壤/合金界面处检测到的初始氧化物质。类似的分析表明，蜡矿(PbCO3)、水蜡矿(Pb3(CO3)2(OH)2)、风化壳中的大部分 Pb 种类包括 Pb 和 碎屑 (PbO)，但吸附在 Fe(III) 氧化物上的 Pb(II) 也存在于源材料远端的土壤中。这些结果显示了射击场样品中风化壳和土壤成分之间的物种形成差异，并突出了 Pb 和 Sb 与 Fe 的自然关联。了解金属物种形成是在小型武器射击场制定和实施补救策略的关键第一步。