At the time when the importance of the interdisciplinary research increases, the nuclear analytical techniques supported by the small research reactors represent a useful tool for investigation of human society, culture, history etc. The historical, archaeological, and palaeontological samples and objects of cultural heritage can be easily studied using the radioanalytical methods such as the neutron activation analysis. This paper deals with the detailed investigation of fragments of mammoth remains from the Mid-Upper Palaeolithic site Pavlov VI by means of the instrumental neutron activation analysis at the Training Reactor VR-1 of the Czech Technical University in Prague. Six mammoth hard tissue samples (fragments of bones, tusk, and molar) from the Institute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences were irradiated in the dry vertical irradiation channel with thermal neutron field ($\phi =2\times {10}^9{\text{cm}}^{-2}{\text{s}}^{-1}$) at maximum reactor power (80 W). The activated mammoth samples were analysed employing the nuclear γ-spectrometry and semiconductor HPGe detector, and the composition of the remains was determined (qualitative and quantitative analysis). The presence of Na, Cl, K, As, Fe, Sr, Mn, Br, I, Ba, and U was revealed in studied mammoth samples. Based on obtained production rates, the concentrations of Fe, Sr, Na, K, As, and U were determined. The results presented in this paper show clearly that the low-power Training Reactor VR-1 is excellent tool for the neutron activation analysis experiments within the interdisciplinary research and can provide experimental data important for archaeologists and palaeontologists.

在跨学科研究的重要性日益增加的时候，小型研究堆支持的核分析技术是研究人类社会、文化、历史等的有用工具。历史、考古和古生物样本和文化遗产对象可以使用放射性分析方法（例如中子活化分析）轻松研究。本文通过布拉格捷克技术大学 VR-1 训练反应堆的仪器中子活化分析，对旧石器时代中上遗址巴甫洛夫六世的猛犸象残骸碎片进行了详细调查。六个猛犸象硬组织样本（骨头碎片、象牙、$\phi =2\times {10}^9{\text{厘米}}^{-2}{\text{秒}}^{-1}$) 最大反应堆功率 (80 W)。采用核γ能谱和半导体HPGe探测器对活化的猛犸象样品进行分析，并确定遗骸的成分（定性和定量分析）。在研究的猛犸象样品中发现了 Na、Cl、K、As、Fe、Sr、Mn、Br、I、Ba 和 U 的存在。根据获得的生产率，确定了 Fe、Sr、Na、K、As 和 U 的浓度。本文的结果清楚地表明，低功率训练反应堆 VR-1 是跨学科研究中中子活化分析实验的绝佳工具，可以为考古学家和古生物学家提供重要的实验数据。