Cows nearing parturition have a negative energy balance (NEB), which is closely associated with lesser fertility. The NEB results in greater fat mobilisation and production of a large amount of non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA). Prostaglandins (PG), especially prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) and prostaglandin F_2α (PGF_2α), have important functions in regulating reproductive function. There, however, is little known about how the synthesis and release of PG are affected by NEFA. In this study, there was a focus on effects of NEFA on PG secretion as well as relative abundances of mRNA transcript and protein for PG synthetases and PG receptors in bovine endometrial (BEND) cells. Proliferation rate of BEND cells decreased in a concentration-dependent manner as NEFA increased in the media. The concentrations of PGE₂ and PGF_2α in NEFA treatment groups also decreased, while the ratio of PGE₂/PGF_2α and the relative abundances of proteins and mRNA that regulate PG synthesis and PG receptor mRNA transcripts and protein were greater as the NEFA concentration increased. Collectively, when there were large NEFA concentrations in the medium, there was a lesser release of PGE₂ and PGF_2α, however, there was a greater ratio of PGE₂/PGF_2α and relative abundances of mRNA transcripts and protein for PG synthetases and PG receptors in BEND cells, which changed the internal milieu and physiological function of the uterus with possible effects on fertility after calving. These findings provide important information that will help for further investigation of associations between NEB and fertility in dairy cows during the non-lactation to lactation-transition period.

接近分娩的奶牛具有负能量平衡 (NEB)，这与较低的生育能力密切相关。NEB 导致更大的脂肪动员和大量非酯化脂肪酸 (NEFA) 的产生。前列腺素 (PG)，尤其是前列腺素 E ₂ (PGE ₂ ) 和前列腺素 F _2α (PGF _2α)，在调节生殖功能方面具有重要作用。然而，人们对 NEFA 如何影响 PG 的合成和释放知之甚少。在这项研究中，重点关注 NEFA 对 PG 分泌的影响以及牛子宫内膜 (BEND) 细胞中 PG 合成酶和 PG 受体的 mRNA 转录物和蛋白质的相对丰度。随着培养基中 NEFA 的增加，BEND 细胞的增殖率以浓度依赖性方式降低。NEFA处理组PGE ₂和PGF _2α的浓度也降低，而PGE ₂ /PGF _2α的比值随着 NEFA 浓度的增加，调节 PG 合成和 PG 受体 mRNA 转录物和蛋白质的蛋白质和 mRNA 的相对丰度更大。总的来说，当培养基中的 NEFA 浓度较大时，PGE ₂和 PGF _{2α 的}释放较少，但 PGE ₂ /PGF _{2α 的}比例较大BEND 细胞中 PG 合成酶和 PG 受体的 mRNA 转录物和蛋白质的相对丰度，这改变了子宫的内部环境和生理功能，可能对产犊后的生育能力产生影响。这些发现提供了重要的信息，将有助于进一步研究 NEB 与奶牛在非泌乳到泌乳过渡期间的生育能力之间的关联。