Plant development and structure are constantly adjusted throughout their life cycle to adapt environmental changes in nature. The amount of branches mainly depends on whether axillary buds form, release and growth of axillary buds. The plants branching is regulated by many factors including gene transcription, hormone homeostasis, and environmental factors such as light, water, and nutrition. People control shoot branching according to their demands to facilitate agricultural production. The activation and growth of lateral branches depend on a variety of internal and external environmental signals. Here we reviewed the recent progresses on genes, hormones, signaling materials, and external environmental conditions on the development of lateral branches in plant. Understanding these key nodes or regulatory networks is necessary and worthy challenges. The discussion of the factors affecting the formation of lateral branches provides a basis for the rational method of crop breeding and the cultivation of ideal plant type crops.

中文翻译：

---

枝条分支调控和信号

植物的发育和结构在其整个生命周期中不断调整以适应自然界的环境变化。枝条的多少主要取决于腋芽是否形成、释放和生长。植物的分枝受许多因素的调控，包括基因转录、激素稳态和环境因素，如光、水和营养。人们根据需要控制枝条分枝，以促进农业生产。侧枝的激活和生长取决于多种内外环境信号。在这里，我们回顾了基因、激素、信号物质和外部环境条件对植物侧枝发育的最新进展。了解这些关键节点或监管网络是必要且有价值的挑战。对影响侧枝形成的因素的探讨，为合理的作物育种方法和理想株型作物的栽培提供了依据。