Natural or synthetic biomaterials are increasingly being used to support bone tissue repair or substitution. The combination of natural calcium phosphates with biocompatible alloys is an important route towards the development of new biomaterials with bioperformance and mechanical responses to mimic those of human bones. This article evaluated the structural, physical, mechanical and biological properties of a new mechanical improved nanocomposite elaborated by association of fish biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) and niobium pentoxide (Nb₂O₅). The nanocomposite (Nb-BCP) and the pure BCP, used as a positive control, were obtained by powder metallurgy. The density, porosity and microhardness were measured. The structural analysis was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the biological properties were studied in histological sections of critical size calvaria defects in rats, 7, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days after implantation of disks of both materials. Morphological description was made after scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy analysis. After sintering, the Nb-BCP nanocomposite presented four crystalline phases: 34.36% calcium niobate (CaNb₂O₆), 21.68% phosphorus niobium oxide (PNb₉O₂₅), 42.55% β-tricalcium phosphate (Ca₃(PO₄)₂) and 1.31% of niobium pentoxide (Nb₂O₅) and exhibited increases of 17% in density, 66% in Vickers microhardness and 180% in compressive strength compared to pure BCP. In vivo study, showed biocompatibility, bioactivity and osteoconductivity similar to pure BCP. SEM showed the formation of globular accretions over the implanted nanocomposites, representing one of the stages of bone mineralization. In conclusion, the BCP and Nb₂O₅ formed a nanocomposite exhibiting characteristics that are desirable for a biomaterial, such as bioperformance, higher β-TCP percentage and improved physical and mechanical properties compared to pure BCP. These characteristics demonstrate the promise of this material for supporting bone regeneration.

越来越多地使用天然或合成生物材料来支持骨组织修复或替代。天然磷酸钙与生物相容性合金的结合是开发新型生物材料的重要途径，这种新型生物材料具有可模仿人体骨骼的生物性能和机械响应。本文评估了鱼双相磷酸钙（BCP）和五氧化_二铌（Nb ₂ O ₅）缔合的新型机械改良纳米复合材料的结构，物理，机械和生物学特性。）。通过粉末冶金获得了纳米复合材料（Nb-BCP）和纯BCP，用作阳性对照。测量密度，孔隙率和显微硬度。两种材料的椎间盘植入后第7、15、30、45和60天，通过X射线衍射（XRD）确定结构分析，并在大鼠的临界大小颅骨缺损的组织切片中研究生物学特性。在扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和光学显微镜分析之后进行形态描述。烧结后，Nb-BCP纳米复合材料呈现四个晶相：34.36％铌酸钙（CaNb ₂ O ₆），21.68％氧化铌磷（PNb ₉ O ₂₅），42.55％β-磷酸三钙（Ca₃（PO ₄）₂）和1.31％的五氧化_二铌（Nb ₂ O ₅），与纯BCP相比，密度增加了17％，维氏显微硬度提高了66％，压缩强度提高了180％。体内研究显示，其生物相容性，生物活性和骨电导率与纯BCP相似。SEM显示在植入的纳米复合材料上形成球状增生，代表骨矿化的阶段之一。总之，BCP和Nb ₂ O ₅形成了一种纳米复合材料，具有生物材料所需的特性，例如生物性能，较高的β-与纯BCP相比，TCP百分比提高，物理和机械性能得到改善。这些特性证明了这种材料支持骨骼再生的前景。