Spaces and elements in the built environment have emerged as platforms where materializations of observations and actuations promise to be very profitable. The advent of the Internet of Things (IoT) paves the way to address this challenge but the heterogeneity of the represented knowledge about these artifact systems poses a real problem. Ontologies can be considered as part of the solution to overcome the IoT’s inherent hurdles. A wise option promoted by recent approaches is to design networks of complementary ontologies. However, different points of view are possible and such diversity could lead to interoperability problems. This article advocates for a networked ontology infrastructure conceived on a principled basis guided by documented judicious conceptualizations. In this regard, this survey points towards ontologies involved in conceptualizations of observations and actuations, where the utility of that conceptualization arises when some features of interest need to be observed or acted upon. For each of the reviewed ontologies, their fundamentals are described, their potential advantages and shortcomings are highlighted, and the use cases where these ontologies have been used are indicated. Additionally, use case examples are annotated with different ontologies in order to illustrate their capabilities and showcase the differences between reviewed ontologies. Finally, this article tries to answer two research questions: Is there a firm basis, broadly admitted by the community, for the development of such a networked ontology infrastructure for the observations and actuations in buildings? What ontologies may be considered helpful towards that goal?

中文翻译：

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建筑物中观察和驱动的本体：调查

建筑环境中的空间和元素已经成为平台，观察和驱动的物化有望带来丰厚的利润。物联网（IoT）的出现为解决这一挑战铺平了道路，但是关于这些工件系统的表示知识的异质性提出了一个真正的问题。可以将本体视为解决物联网固有障碍的解决方案的一部分。最近的方法所提倡的明智选择是设计互补本体的网络。但是，可能有不同的观点，并且这种多样性可能会导致互操作性问题。本文提倡建立一种网络化的本体基础结构，该基础结构是在有原则的基础上构想的，该基础是已记录的明智概念化。在这方面，这项调查指出了涉及观察和驱动概念化的本体论，当需要观察或采取某些感兴趣的功能时，这种概念化的效用就出现了。对于每个已审查的本体，都描述了它们的基本原理，突出了它们的潜在优点和缺点，并指出了使用这些本体的用例。此外，用例示例使用不同的本体进行注释，以说明其功能并展示已审查本体之间的差异。最后，本文试图回答两个研究问题：是否有被社会广泛认可的坚实基础，为开发用于建筑物中的观察和驱动的网络化本体基础结构？哪些本体可以被认为有助于实现该目标？