Previous studies have shown that HIV-infected individuals were less susceptible to chronic gastritis and Helicobacter pylori infection. Th1 and Th17 cells are important components of the immune response to H. pylori in adults. We investigated the relative importance of Th1 versus Th17 responses for mucosal inflammation and protection. We conducted a prospective cross-sectional study to evaluate the relationship among the peripheral blood gut-homing CD4⁺ T cell subset, the severity of chronic H. pylori gastritis, and H. pylori amount in the gastric mucosa. Biopsy specimens were obtained at the time of gastroendoscopy, which was used for classification of histological gastritis by updated-Sydney system. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected at the same point to determine the frequency of peripheral blood gut homing CD4⁺ T cells (CCR9⁺integrin β₇⁺) and CD4⁺ memory T cells subsets by flow cytometry. H. pylori amount in the gastric mucosa was measured using 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing. Peripheral blood gut-homing CD4⁺ T cells were significantly higher in individuals with histological gastritis compared with those without chronic gastritis (median 16.8 cells/μL vs. 9.7 cells/μL; p = .0307). In particular, there were significant differences in gut-homing Th1 (median 1.3 cells/μL vs. 0.5 cells/μL; p = .0061) and nonconventional Th1 (median 0.4 cells/μL vs. 0.2 cells/μL; p = .0196). In addition, there was a significant positive correlation between H. pylori amount in the gastric mucosa measured using 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing and gut-homing Th1 subsets. Our findings suggested that gut Th1 may play a key role in the development of chronic gastritis in HIV-infected individuals.

中文翻译：

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肠道归巢 CD4+ T 细胞与 HIV 感染成人的胃炎活动有关。

先前的研究表明，HIV 感染者不易患慢性胃炎和幽门螺杆菌感染。Th1 和 Th17 细胞是成人对幽门螺杆菌免疫反应的重要组成部分。我们研究了 Th1 与 Th17 反应对粘膜炎症和保护的相对重要性。我们进行了一项前瞻性横断面研究，以评估外周血肠道归巢 CD4 ⁺ T 细胞亚群、慢性幽门螺杆菌胃炎的严重程度和幽门螺杆菌之间的关系量在胃黏膜中。在胃镜检查时获得活检标本，用于更新悉尼系统的组织学胃炎分类。在同一点收集外周血单个核细胞，通过流式细胞术确定外周血肠道归巢 CD4 ⁺ T 细胞（CCR9 ⁺整合素 β ₇ ⁺）和 CD4 ⁺记忆 T 细胞亚群的频率。使用 16S 核糖体 RNA 基因扩增子测序测量胃粘膜中幽门螺杆菌的数量。外周血肠道归巢 CD4 ⁺与没有慢性胃炎的个体相比，患有组织学胃炎的个体的 T 细胞显着更高（中值 16.8 个细胞/μL 对 9.7 个细胞/μL；p  = .0307）。特别是，肠道归巢 Th1（中值 1.3 个细胞/μL 与 0.5 个细胞/μL；p  = .0061）和非常规 Th1（中值 0.4 个细胞/μL 与 0.2 个细胞/μL；p  = .0196 ）。此外，使用 16S 核糖体 RNA 基因扩增子测序测量的胃粘膜中幽门螺杆菌数量与肠道归巢 Th1 亚群之间存在显着的正相关。我们的研究结果表明，肠道 Th1 可能在 HIV 感染者慢性胃炎的发展中起关键作用。