The type I interferons (IFNs) represent the first line of host defense against influenza virus infection, and the precisely control of the type I IFNs responses is a central event of the immune defense against influenza viral infection. Influenza viruses are one of the leading causes of respiratory tract infections in human and are responsible for seasonal epidemics and occasional pandemics, leading to a serious threat to global human health due to their antigenic variation and interspecies transmission. Although the host cells have evolved sophisticated antiviral mechanisms based on sensing influenza viral products and triggering of signalling cascades resulting in secretion of the type I IFNs (IFN-α/β), influenza viruses have developed many strategies to counteract this mechanism and circumvent the type I IFNs responses, for example, by inducing host shut-off, or by regulating the polyubiquitination of viral and host proteins. This review will summarise the current knowledge of how the host cells recognise influenza viruses to induce the type I IFNs responses and the strategies that influenza viruses exploited to evade the type I IFNs signalling pathways, which will be helpful for the development of antivirals and vaccines.

I型干扰素（IFNs）代表宿主防御流感病毒感染的第一道防线，而精确控制I型IFNs反应是针对流感病毒感染的免疫防御的重要事件。流感病毒是人类呼吸道感染的主要原因之一，是季节性流行病和偶发性大流行的原因，由于其抗原变异和种间传播，对全球人类健康构成严重威胁。尽管宿主细胞已经基于感测流感病毒产物并触发了导致I型干扰素（IFN-α/β）分泌的信号级联反应而进化了复杂的抗病毒机制，但流感病毒已开发出许多策略来抵消这种机制并规避该类型例如，我干扰素的反应 通过诱导宿主关闭或调节病毒和宿主蛋白的多泛素化。这篇综述将总结有关宿主细胞如何识别流感病毒以诱导I型IFNs反应的当前知识，以及流感病毒被用来逃避I型IFNs信号通路的策略，这将有助于开发抗病毒药和疫苗。