The dipyrrin–metal complexes and especially the boron complex 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY) have recently attracted considerable attention because of their interesting properties and possible applications. We have developed two unique and useful ways to extend versatility and usefulness of the dipyrrin complexes. The first one is the linear and macrocyclic oligomerization of the BODIPY units. These arrangements of the B–F moieties of the oligomerized BODIPY units provide sophisticated functions, such as unique recognition ability toward cationic guest, associated with changes in the photophysical properties by utilizing unprecedented interactions between the B–F and a cationic species. The second one is introduction of additional ligating moieties into the dipyrrin skeleton. The multidentate N2Ox dipyrrin ligands thus obtained form a variety of complexes with 13 and 14 group elements, which are difficult to synthesize using the original N2 dipyrrin derivatives. Interestingly, these unique complexes exhibit novel structures, properties, and functions such as guest recognition, stimuli-responsive structural conversion, switching of the optical properties, excellent stability of the neutral radicals, etc. We believe that these multifunctional dipyrrin complexes will advance the basic chemistry of the dipyrrin complexes and develop their applications in the materials and medicinal chemistry fields. 1 Introduction 2 Linear Oligomers of Boron–Dipyrrin Complexes 3 Cyclic Oligomers of Boron–Dipyrrin Complexes 4 A Cyclic Oligomer of Zinc–Dipyrrin Complexes 5 Group 13 Element Complexes of N2Ox Dipyrrins 6 Chiral N2 and N2Ox Dipyrrin Complexes 7 Group 14 Element Complexes of N2O2 Dipyrrins 8 Other N2O2 Dipyrrin Complexes with Unique Properties and Functions 9 Conclusion

中文翻译：

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低聚多齿双吡喃衍生物及其配合物的合成与作用

双吡喃-金属配合物，尤其是硼配合物 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY) 由于其有趣的性质和可能的应用，最近引起了相当大的关注。我们开发了两种独特且有用的方法来扩展双吡喃复合物的多功能性和实用性。第一个是 BODIPY 单元的线性和大环低聚。低聚 BODIPY 单元的 B-F 部分的这些排列提供了复杂的功能，例如对阳离子客体的独特识别能力，通过利用 B-F 和阳离子物种之间前所未有的相互作用与光物理性质的变化相关。第二个是在双吡喃骨架中引入额外的连接部分。由此获得的多齿 N2Ox 双吡喃配体与 13 和 14 族元素形成多种配合物，使用原始 N2 双吡喃衍生物难以合成。有趣的是，这些独特的配合物表现出新的结构、性质和功能，例如客体识别、刺激响应结构转换、光学性质的转换、中性自由基的优异稳定性等。我们相信这些多功能双吡喃配合物将推进基本的研究双吡啉配合物的化学并开发其在材料和药物化学领域的应用。