We determined the disinfection efficacy and inactivation mechanisms of peracetic acid (PAA)-based sanitizer using pH values relevant for vegetable sanitation against rotavirus (RV) and Tulane virus (TV; a human norovirus surrogate). TV was significantly more resistant to PAA disinfection than RV: for a 2-log₁₀ reduction of virus titer, RV required 1 mg/liter PAA for 3.5 min of exposure, while TV required 10 mg/liter PAA for 30 min. The higher resistance of TV can be explained, in part, by significantly more aggregation of TV in PAA solutions. The PAA mechanisms of virus inactivation were explored by quantifying (i) viral genome integrity and replication using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and (ii) virus-host receptor interactions using a cell-free binding assay with porcine gastric mucin conjugated with magnetic beads (PGM-MBs). We observed that PAA induced damage to both RV and TV genomes and also decreased virus-receptor interactions, with the latter suggesting that PAA damages viral proteins important for binding its host cell receptors. Importantly, the levels of genome-versus-protein damage induced by PAA were different for each virus. PAA inactivation correlated with higher levels of RV genome damage than of RV-receptor interactions. For PAA-treated TV, the opposite trends were observed. Thus, PAA inactivates each of these viruses via different molecular mechanisms. The findings presented here potentially contribute to the design of a robust sanitation strategy for RV and TV using PAA to prevent foodborne disease.

中文翻译：

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蔬菜卫生相关条件下轮状病毒和杜兰病毒过乙酸灭活机制的基础。


我们使用与蔬菜卫生相关的 pH 值来确定基于过氧乙酸 (PAA) 的消毒剂的消毒功效和灭活机制，以对抗轮状病毒 (RV) 和杜兰病毒（TV；人类诺如病毒替代品）。 TV 对 PAA 消毒的抵抗力明显高于 RV：为了使病毒滴度降低 2-log ₁₀ ，RV 需要 1 毫克/升 PAA 暴露 3.5 分钟，而 TV 需要 10 毫克/升 PAA 暴露 30 分钟。电视电阻较高的部分原因是 PAA 解决方案中电视的聚集程度显着增加。通过以下方式探索病毒灭活的 PAA 机制：(i) 使用逆转录定量 PCR (RT-qPCR) 量化病毒基因组完整性和复制，以及 (ii) 使用缀合猪胃粘蛋白的无细胞结合测定来量化病毒与宿主受体的相互作用与磁珠（PGM-MB）。我们观察到 PAA 对 RV 和 TV 基因组造成损伤，并且还减少了病毒与受体的相互作用，后者表明 PAA 会损伤对结合宿主细胞受体很重要的病毒蛋白。重要的是，PAA 引起的基因组与蛋白质损伤的水平对于每种病毒来说是不同的。 PAA 失活与 RV 基因组损伤的相关性高于 RV 受体相互作用的相关性。对于经过 PAA 处理的电视，观察到相反的趋势。因此，PAA 通过不同的分子机制灭活这些病毒。本文提出的研究结果可能有助于为房车和电视设计强有力的卫生策略，使用 PAA 预防食源性疾病。