Large‐scale land‐clearing has threatened Australian forest biodiversity, particularly within the South East Queensland bioregion where nearly 55 percent of humid‐climate eucalypt forest has been cleared. Restoration is key to the persistence of these forests but conventional reforestation techniques, including the exclusive use of locally sourced seed and nursery‐raised planting stock, are being reconsidered in terms of cost‐effectiveness and ability to create climatically resilient forests. In this study, we examined the success of a two‐year‐old direct seeding restoration project of Corymbia citriodora and Eucalyptus tereticornis from one local and two non‐local provenances. We established a field trial to compare germination rates of E. tereticornis seed and seed‐balls from the varying provenance sources in the field and in controlled laboratory growth chambers. We found no evidence of local provenance superiority in the field or in laboratory conditions. Periods of unseasonable rainfall and flooding may have constrained E. tereticornis germination in the field site. We conclude that direct seeding with seed‐balls may represent an effective method for establishing C. citriodora in South East Queensland, and that the approach warrants further investigation with other restoration species. Matching species with site conditions should be an initial consideration before long‐term revegetation investments are made.

中文翻译：

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地方环境异质性和种源选择对两种桉树直播林树种的影响

大规模的土地清理已经威胁到澳大利亚的森林生物多样性，特别是在昆士兰东南部生物区内，近 55% 的潮湿气候桉树林已被砍伐。恢复是这些森林持续存在的关键，但正在重新考虑传统的再造林技术，包括仅使用当地采购的种子和苗圃种植的种植种群，以提高成本效益和创造气候适应性森林的能力。在这项研究中，我们检查了一个两年前的直接播种恢复项目对来自一个本地和两个非本地来源的 Corymbia citriodora 和 Eucalyptus tereticornis 的成功。我们建立了一个田间试验来比较大肠杆菌的发芽率。来自田间和受控实验室生长室中不同来源的 tereticornis 种子和种子球。我们在现场或实验室条件下没有发现当地原产地优势的证据。不合时宜的降雨和洪水时期可能限制了田地中的 E. tereticornis 发芽。我们得出结论，用种球直接播种可能是在昆士兰东南部建立柑橘树的有效方法，并且该方法值得对其他恢复物种进行进一步调查。在进行长期的植被恢复投资之前，应首先考虑将物种与场地条件相匹配。不合时宜的降雨和洪水时期可能限制了田地中的 E. tereticornis 发芽。我们得出结论，用种球直接播种可能是在昆士兰东南部建立柑橘树的有效方法，并且该方法值得对其他恢复物种进行进一步调查。在进行长期的植被恢复投资之前，应首先考虑将物种与场地条件相匹配。不合时宜的降雨和洪水时期可能限制了田地中的 E. tereticornis 发芽。我们得出结论，用种球直接播种可能是在昆士兰东南部建立柑橘树的有效方法，并且该方法值得对其他恢复物种进行进一步调查。在进行长期的植被恢复投资之前，应首先考虑将物种与场地条件相匹配。