Nature organisms, after billions of years of evolution, have evolved elegant morphologies, structures, patterns, or surface wettabilities with unique functionalities. Among all the intriguing characteristics observed in nature organisms, their drag reduction abilities with low energy consumption have always attracted wide attentions of human beings, because of its great potentiality in various fields, e.g., marine vehicles, aircraft, pipeline transportation, microfluidics, etc. Recently, in-depth studies have been carried out to uncover various biological structures with distinguished drag reduction performance including shark skins, penguin feathers, dolphin skins, lotus leaves, and Nepenthes pitcher. In this review, we will give a succinct account of their drag-reduction mechanisms as well as introduce the recent biomimetic processes to create artificial drag-reduction surfaces. Meanwhile, the remaining challenges and future prospective of bio-inspired drag reduction are also briefly proposed. We hope this review can help people to learn about the natural wisdoms to reduce fluid resistance and stimulate people to develop efficient drag reduction approaches, which are essential for submarine and cargo ship navigation, air vehicles, pipeline transportation, microfluidic system, and so forth.

经过数十亿年的进化，自然生物已经演化出具有独特功能的优雅形态，结构，样式或表面可湿性。在自然生物中观察到的所有有趣特征中，它们在低能耗方面的减阻能力一直受到人类的广泛关注，这是因为其在海上车辆，飞机，管道运输，微流体等各个领域具有巨大的潜力。最近，已经进行了深入研究以发现具有减阻性能的各种生物结构，包括鲨鱼皮，企鹅羽毛，海豚皮，荷叶和猪笼草投手。在这篇评论中 我们将简要介绍它们的减阻机理，并介绍最近的仿生过程以创建人造减阻表面。同时，还简要提出了生物启发的减阻的剩余挑战和未来前景。我们希望这篇评论可以帮助人们了解减少流体阻力的自然智慧，并激发人们开发有效的减阻方法，这对于潜艇和货船导航，飞机，管道运输，微流体系统等至关重要。