In this work, optimized size distribution and optical properties in the colloidal synthesis of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) were obtained using a proposed ultrasonic irradiation assisted Turkevich-Frens method. The effect of three nominal ultrasound (20 kHz) irradiation powers: 60, 150, and 210 W have been analyzed as size and shape control parameters. The GNPs colloidal solutions were obtained from chloroauric acid (HAuCl₄) and trisodium citrate (C₆H₅Na₃O₇·2H₂O) under continuous irradiation for 1 h without any additional heat or stirring. The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) was monitored in the UV–Vis spectra every 10 min to found the optimal time for localized SPR wavelength (${\lambda }_{\mathrm{L}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{P}\mathrm{R}}$), and the 210 sample procedure has reduced the ${\lambda }_{\mathrm{L}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{P}\mathrm{R}}$ localization at 20 min, while 150 and 60 samples have showed ${\lambda }_{\mathrm{L}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{P}\mathrm{R}}$ at 60 min. The nucleation and growth of GNPs showed changes in shape and size distribution associated with physical (cavitation, temperature) and chemical (radical generation, pH) conditions in the aqueous solution. The results showed quasi-spherical GNPs as pentakis dodecahedron (${\lambda }_{\mathrm{L}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{P}\mathrm{R}}$ = 560 nm), triakis icosahedron (${\lambda }_{\mathrm{L}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{P}\mathrm{R}}$ = 535 nm), and tetrakis hexahedron (${\lambda }_{\mathrm{L}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{P}\mathrm{R}}$ = 525 nm) in a size range from 12 to 16 nm. Chemical effects of ultrasound irradiation were suggested in the disproportionation process, electrons of AuCl₂⁻ are rapidly exchanged through the gold surface. After AuCl₄⁻ and Cl⁻ were desorbed, a tetrachloroaurate complex was recycled for the two-electron reduction by citrate, aurophilic interaction between complexes AuCl₂⁻, electrons exchange, and gold seeds, the deposition of new gold atoms on the surface promoting the growth of GNPs. These mechanisms are enhanced by the effects of ultrasound, such as cavitation and transmitted energy into the solution. These results show that the plasmonic response from the reported GNPs can be tuned using a simple methodology with minimum infrastructure requirements. Moreover, the production method could be easily scalable to meet industrial manufacturing needs.

在这项工作中，使用建议的超声辐射辅助Turkevich-Frens方法获得了金纳米颗粒（GNP）胶体合成中的最佳尺寸分布和光学性能。作为大小和形状控制参数，已经分析了三种标称超声（20 kHz）辐照功率：60、150和210 W的影响。GNPs胶体溶液是从氯金酸（HAuCl ₄）和柠檬酸三钠（C ₆ H ₅ Na ₃ O ₇ ·2H ₂ O）在连续照射1 h的条件下获得的，无需额外加热或搅拌。每隔10分钟在UV-Vis光谱中监测表面等离振子共振（SPR），以发现局部SPR波长的最佳时间（${\lambda }_{\mathrm{大号}\mathrm{小号}\mathrm{P}\mathrm{[R}}$），而210采样程序减少了 ${\lambda }_{\mathrm{大号}\mathrm{小号}\mathrm{P}\mathrm{[R}}$ 在20分钟定位，而150和60个样本已显示 ${\lambda }_{\mathrm{大号}\mathrm{小号}\mathrm{P}\mathrm{[R}}$在60分钟后 GNP的成核和生长显示出形状和尺寸分布的变化，与水溶液中的物理（气蚀，温度）和化学（自由基生成，pH）条件有关。结果显示准球形GNP为五十二面体（${\lambda }_{\mathrm{大号}\mathrm{小号}\mathrm{P}\mathrm{[R}}$ = 560 nm），triakis二十面体（${\lambda }_{\mathrm{大号}\mathrm{小号}\mathrm{P}\mathrm{[R}}$ = 535 nm）和四六面体（${\lambda }_{\mathrm{大号}\mathrm{小号}\mathrm{P}\mathrm{[R}}$ = 525 nm），尺寸范围为12至16 nm。超声照射的化学效应建议在歧化过程中，AUCL的电子₂ ^-正迅速通过金表面交换。AUCL后₄ ^-和Cl ^-中解吸，一四氯复合物再循环用于由柠檬酸两个电子还原，AUCL络合物之间aurophilic相互作用₂ ^-，电子交换和金种子，表面上新的金原子的沉积促进了GNP的生长。超声波的作用会增强这些机制，例如产生空穴并将能量传输到溶液中。这些结果表明，可以使用简单的方法以最低的基础结构要求来调整已报告的GNP的等离子体响应。而且，该生产方法可以容易地扩展以满足工业制造需求。