Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in males in several regions. One of the major challenges in diagnosis and treatment of this cancer is how to identify men who harbor an increased risk of having clinically significant prostate cancer and how to assess response to therapy. Biomarkers, like microRNAs (miRNAs) are one of the new diagnostic/therapeutic tools for clinicians. Finding men at high risk of significant cancer is essential as they will mostly benefit from earlier diagnosis and treatment. At the same time, it is important to reduce the number of unnecessary invasive biopsies in men without (clinically significant) cancer and miRNAs have especial application in this regard. MiRNAs can regulate expression of several genes. Up to 30 percent of protein coding genes are regulated by miRNAs. Based on this critical regulatory role, miRNAs impact cell differentiation, growth and apoptosis. Several studies have reported aberrant expression of miRNAs in different cancers including prostate cancer. miRNAs are regarded as biomarkers in this kind of cancer. Moreover, expression profiles of miRNAs can predict therapeutic response to a number of drugs such docetaxel and some natural agents such as isoflavone. Functional studies have shown that miRNAs regulate a number of critical targets such as Wnt/β-catenin, PI3K/AKT, cyclin dependent kinases, VEGF and JAK/ STAT. Therefore, several aspects of prostate cancer development are influenced by miRNAs. Finally, circulating miRNAs are promising tools for assessment of prostate cancer course and prognosis. In the current review, we summarize the results of studies which reported abnormal expression of miRNAs in prostate cancer and their role as biomarkers or therapeutic targets.

在几个地区，前列腺癌是男性中最常见的癌症。诊断和治疗该癌症的主要挑战之一是如何识别出具有临床上显着的前列腺癌风险增加的男性，以及如何评估对治疗的反应。像microRNA（miRNA）这样的生物标记物是临床医生新的诊断/治疗工具之一。寻找处于重大癌症高风险中的男人至关重要，因为他们大多将从早期诊断和治疗中受益。同时，重要的是减少没有（具有临床意义的）癌症的男性不必要的侵入性活检的数量，并且miRNA在这方面具有特殊的应用。MiRNA可以调节几种基因的表达。多达30％的蛋白质编码基因受miRNA调控。基于这一关键的监管作用，miRNA影响细胞分化，生长和凋亡。几项研究报道了miRNA在包括前列腺癌在内的各种癌症中的异常表达。miRNA被认为是这类癌症的生物标志物。此外，miRNA的表达谱可以预测对多种药物（如多西紫杉醇）和某些天然药物（如异黄酮）的治疗反应。功能研究表明，miRNA调控许多关键靶标，例如Wnt /β-catenin，PI3K / AKT，细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶，VEGF和JAK / STAT。因此，miRNA影响前列腺癌发展的几个方面。最后，循环miRNA是评估前列腺癌病程和预后的有前途的工具。在目前的评论中，