Self-regulation is the ability to monitor and modulate emotions, behaviour, and cognition in order to adapt to changing circumstances. Developing adequate self-regulation is associated with better social coping and higher educational achievement later in life; poor self-regulation has been linked to a variety of detrimental developmental outcomes. Here, we focus on the development of neurocognitive processes essential for self-regulation. We outline a conceptual framework emphasizing that this is inherently an integrated, dynamic process involving interactions between brain maturation, child characteristics (genetic makeup, temperament, and pre‐ and perinatal factors) and environmental factors (family characteristics, parents and siblings, peers, and broader societal influences including media development). We introduce the Consortium of Individual Development (CID), which combines a series of integrated large-scale, multi-modal, longitudinal studies to take essential steps towards the ultimate goal of understanding and supporting this process.

自我调节是监视和调节情绪，行为和认知以适应不断变化的环境的能力。养成适当的自我调节能力会带来更好的社会应对能力，并在以后的生活中获得更高的教育成就；不良的自我调节与多种有害的发育结果有关。在这里，我们专注于自我调节必不可少的神经认知过程的发展。我们概述了一个概念框架，强调这本质上是一个集成的动态过程，涉及大脑成熟，儿童特征（遗传构成，性情以及产前和围产期因素）和环境因素（家庭特征，父母和兄弟姐妹，同伴和同伴之间）之间的相互作用。更广泛的社会影响力，包括媒体发展）。