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Observations of volatile organic and sulfur compounds in ambient air and health risk assessment near a paper mill in rural Idaho, U. S. A.
Atmospheric Pollution Research ( IF 3.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-25 , DOI: 10.1016/j.apr.2020.07.014
Phillip S Scott 1 , John P Andrew 1 , Brandi A Bundy 1 , Brian K Grimm 1 , Morganne A Hamann 1 , Damien T Ketcherside 1 , Jiahong Li 1 , Melanie Y Manangquil 1 , Laurel A Nuñez 1 , Dorian L Pittman 1 , Antonio Rivero-Zevallos 1 , Reece Uhlorn 1 , Nancy A C Johnston 1
Affiliation  

The Lewis-Clark Valley is a rural area that includes the cities of Lewiston, Idaho and Clarkston, Washington and the surrounding areas. The largest industry in the Lewis-Clark Valley is a pulp paper mill located in Lewiston which emits particulate matter and odorous sulfur air pollutants. This study analyzed the Lewis-Clark Valley air composition and seasonal, temporal and spatial variations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from 2017 to 2018 to determine potential health risks of the paper mill emissions to the surrounding community. Both active and passive air sampling via sorbent tubes were analyzed by thermal desorption - gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS). Fifty VOCs including benzene, toluene, chloroform, dimethyl sulfide and dimethyl disulfide were measured in the ambient air of the Lewis-Clark Valley at ten different sites, totaling over 800 samples. In addition, passive sorbent tubes were deployed in 2018 to obtain monthly averages in Lewis-Clark Valley and three urban locations in Idaho and Washington for comparison. United States Environmental Protection Agency (2001) methodology was used to assess cancer risks in the community based on the upper confidence levels of five carcinogens and nine air toxics. The Lewis-Clark Valley had similar levels of benzene to urban areas but had a strong signature of chloroform and sulfides from the paper mill. The cumulative cancer risk was 2 x 10−6 - 11 × 10−6, mainly due to the compounds chloroform, benzene and carbon tetrachloride. The hazard index of other air toxics was less than one. Overall, these air pollutants were considered low risk to the local population.



中文翻译:

美国爱达荷州农村造纸厂附近环境空气中挥发性有机化合物和硫化合物的观察和健康风险评估

刘易斯克拉克谷是一个农村地区,包括爱达荷州刘易斯顿市和华盛顿州克拉克斯顿市及周边地区。Lewis-Clark Valley 最大的工业是位于 Lewiston 的纸浆造纸厂,该厂排放颗粒物和有臭味的硫空气污染物。本研究分析了 2017 年至 2018 年路易斯-克拉克谷的空气成分以及挥发性有机化合物 (VOC) 的季节性、时间和空间变化,以确定造纸厂排放物对周围社区的潜在健康风险。通过吸附管的主动和被动空气采样均通过热解吸-气相色谱-质谱法 (TD-GC-MS) 进行分析。在路易斯-克拉克山谷的 10 个不同地点的环境空气中测量了 50 种挥发性有机化合物,包括苯、甲苯、氯仿、二甲基硫醚和二甲基二硫醚,共 800 多个样本。此外,2018 年还部署了被动吸附剂管,以获取刘易斯-克拉克谷以及爱达荷州和华盛顿州的三个城市地点的月平均值以进行比较。美国环境保护署 (2001) 方法用于根据五种致癌物和九种空气毒物的置信度上限评估社区中的癌症风险。刘易斯克拉克山谷的苯含量与城市地区相似,但造纸厂的氯仿和硫化物具有强烈的特征。累积癌症风险为 2 x 10 美国环境保护署 (2001) 方法用于根据五种致癌物和九种空气毒物的置信度上限评估社区中的癌症风险。Lewis-Clark Valley 的苯含量与城市地区相似,但造纸厂的氯仿和硫化物具有强烈的特征。累积癌症风险为 2 x 10 美国环境保护署 (2001) 方法用于根据五种致癌物和九种空气毒物的置信度上限评估社区中的癌症风险。Lewis-Clark Valley 的苯含量与城市地区相似,但造纸厂的氯仿和硫化物具有强烈的特征。累积癌症风险为 2 x 10-6 - 11 × 10 -6,主要是由于化合物氯仿、苯和四氯化碳。其他空气毒物危害指数小于1。总体而言,这些空气污染物对当地居民的风险较低。

更新日期:2020-09-10
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