Abstract The effect of sea waves on the oil release from grounded tankers is unknown and ignored by maritime safety regulations. This study predicts the wave-induced spillage through fluid-mechanical analysis of a damaged double-hulled tanker under wave action. The punctured tanks are identified as Helmholtz resonators for wave pressures, and the induced oil spillage is estimated based on mechanics of fountains and layered fluids. Waves are predicted to increase the spill considerably already in moderate weather: for typical grounding damages, additional spilling initiates at wave heights of 0.5–3 metres and amounts to 5–30% of tank capacity, possibly more than doubling the total release. The results imply that the current hydrostatic outflow predictions may grossly underestimate the spill hazard in moderate-to-heavy weather tanker groundings, and that the environmental risk of oil transport may be larger than thought.

中文翻译：

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来自停泊油轮的波浪引起的泄漏

摘要 海浪对搁浅油轮溢油的影响是未知的，并被海事安全法规所忽视。本研究通过对受损双壳油轮在波浪作用下的流体力学分析来预测波浪引起的溢油。被刺穿的油箱被确定为波压的亥姆霍兹共振器，并且根据喷泉和分层流体的力学估计引起的溢油。在温和的天气中，预计波浪会显着增加泄漏：对于典型的接地损坏，额外的泄漏会在 0.5-3 米的波浪高度处开始，达到储罐容量的 5-30%，可能是总泄漏量的两倍多。结果表明，目前的流体静力流出预测可能严重低估了中度至重度天气油轮搁浅的泄漏危险，