Abstract Ship performance in level ice involves problems such as attainable speed and maneuverability under different ice thickness. As the alternative to analytical methods, numerical simulation models have been proposed in recent years to improve the accuracy and to analyze more complex operations. However, current numerical models use quite diverse approaches to model the icebreaking components, and focus on rather different aspects, while the choices need more justification. The primary aim of this paper is to propose a framework for the development of effective and efficient numerical models to simulate ship performance in level ice, based on state-of-the-art knowledge of ship-ice interaction. This covers a discussion of modelling purposes and a hierarchical decomposition of the problem, followed by a strategy and two methods which could be applied to improve accuracy and credibility, as well as methodology of validation. Following the proposed framework, a numerical model is proposed as a prototype model, which simulates ship performance in level ice, and can be developed further in future. The numerical simulation results are compared with full-scale measurement results of a ship on the Baltic Sea, indicating reasonable estimation of ship turning. This implies the validity of the model as a prototype of the proposed framework.

中文翻译：

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平冰中船舶性能的数值模拟：框架和模型

摘要 平冰中的船舶性能涉及不同冰厚下可达到的航速和机动性等问题。作为分析方法的替代方法，近年来提出了数值模拟模型以提高精度并分析更复杂的操作。然而，当前的数值模型使用相当不同的方法来模拟破冰组件，并且侧重于相当不同的方面，而选择需要更多的论证。本文的主要目的是基于最先进的船冰相互作用知识，提出一个框架，用于开发有效和高效的数值模型，以模拟平冰中的船舶性能。这包括对建模目的的讨论和问题的分层分解，其次是可用于提高准确性和可信度的策略和两种方法，以及验证方法。遵循所提出的框架，提出了一个数值模型作为原型模型，该模型模拟了平冰中的船舶性能，并且可以在未来进一步开发。将数值模拟结果与波罗的海某舰船的全尺寸测量结果进行对比，表明舰船转向的合理估计。这意味着该模型作为所提议框架的原型的有效性。将数值模拟结果与波罗的海某舰船的全尺寸测量结果进行对比，表明舰船转向的合理估计。这意味着该模型作为所提议框架的原型的有效性。将数值模拟结果与波罗的海某舰船的全尺寸测量结果进行对比，表明舰船转向的合理估计。这意味着该模型作为所提议框架的原型的有效性。