Climate change creates opportunities and constraints for imported biological control agents, target pests, and non-target prey to modify their geographic distributions. However, predictions about how climate change will affect distributions of natural enemies and their hosts/prey cannot be made at present because of insufficient data about how species will respond to climate change, both directly and indirectly. Factors underlying the responses include tolerance to physical changes in the environment, dispersal ability, geography, and habitat requirements. Despite the limitations for making predictions, a review of the literature for imported generalist natural enemies indicates that climate change will result in range expansions or range shifts in some species, and that these changes are likely to increase non-target risks as well as influence the effectiveness of biological control programs. To better guide future decisions concerning importation biological control, additional field studies, experiments, and theoretical models are needed. Recommended actions include conducting surveys for non-target species in areas undergoing climate change, determining tolerances to changes in temperature and precipitation for natural enemies and hosts/prey, incorporating climate data into insect population models, and long-term assessments to document the impact of climate change on non-target species and efficacy of biological control programs. Because climate change will impact both target pests and non-target species, the work will be best-accomplished by grant-funded programs involving interdisciplinary teams of scientists.

气候变化为进口生物防治剂，目标害虫和非目标猎物创造了机会和约束条件，以改变其地理分布。但是，由于关于物种如何直接或间接地应对气候变化的数据不足，目前尚无法对气候变化将如何影响天敌及其宿主/猎物的分布做出预测。响应的基础因素包括对环境物理变化的耐受性，分散能力，地理条件和栖息地要求。尽管做出预测有局限性，但对进口的通才天敌的文献进行的回顾表明，气候变化将导致某些物种的范围扩大或范围变化，这些变化可能会增加非目标风险，并影响生物防治计划的有效性。为了更好地指导有关进口生物控制的未来决策，需要进行其他现场研究，实验和理论模型。建议采取的行动包括对正在发生气候变化的地区的非目标物种进行调查，确定天敌和宿主/猎物对温度和降水变化的容忍度，将气候数据纳入昆虫种群模型中以及进行长期评估以记录害虫的影响。气候变化对非目标物种和生物防治计划的效力。由于气候变化会影响目标害虫和非目标物种，