In this work, ZnO nanorods (ZnO NRs) were successfully synthesized on FTO-glass via hydrothermal technique. Two steps were followed to grow ZnO NRs. In the first step, the seed layer of ZnO nanocrystals was deposited by using a drop cast method. The second step was represented by the hydrothermal growth of ZnO NRs on a pre-coated FTO- glass with the seed layer. The hydrothermal growth was conducted at 90∘C for 2[Formula: see text]h. The resulted structure, morphology and optical properties of the produced layers were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and UV-visible spectrophotometer, respectively. The analysis confirmed that the ZnO NRs grown by the hydrothermal method have a hexagonal crystal structure which was grown randomly on the FTO surface. The crystallite size was recorded 50[Formula: see text]nm and a slight microstrain (0.142%) was calculated. The bandgap was found to be in the range of 3.14–3.17[Formula: see text]eV. The ZnO NRs have a high density and large aspect ratio. A pH sensor with high sensitivity was fabricated using a two-electrode cell configuration. The ZnO NRs sensor showed the sensitivity of [Formula: see text]59.03[Formula: see text]mV/pH, which is quite promising and close to the theoretical value ([Formula: see text]59.12[Formula: see text]mV/pH).

中文翻译：

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基于 ZnO NRs 在 FTO 玻璃基板上的 pH 传感器电极的性能

在这项工作中，通过水热技术在 FTO 玻璃上成功合成了 ZnO 纳米棒 (ZnO NRs)。遵循两个步骤来生长 ZnO NR。在第一步中，使用滴铸法沉积ZnO纳米晶体的种子层。第二步是在具有种子层的预涂层 FTO 玻璃上水热生长 ZnO NR。水热生长在 90∘C代表2[公式：见正文]h。所得层的结构、形貌和光学性质分别通过X射线衍射(XRD)、配备能量色散X射线(EDX)的场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)和紫外-可见分光光度计进行分析。分析证实，水热法生长的ZnO NRs具有六方晶体结构，在FTO表面随机生长。微晶尺寸记录为50[公式：见正文]nm，计算出轻微的微应变（0.142%）。发现带隙在3.14-3.17[公式：见正文]eV的范围内。ZnO NRs 具有高密度和大纵横比。使用双电极电池配置制造了具有高灵敏度的 pH 传感器。ZnO NRs 传感器的灵敏度为[公式：见正文]59.03[公式：