In this experimental research, tungsten trioxide (WO3) thin films were deposited using ammonium tungstate ((NH4)2WO4) by a simple and cost-effective technique of spray pyrolysis on top of glass substrates. The surface morphology, structural and optical properties of prepared samples were studied using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern analysis and UV–Vis spectroscopy techniques, respectively. Studied deposition parameters were: substrate temperature (300, 350, 400, 450 and 500∘C), concentration of the precursor solution (0.01, 0.02, 0.04, 0.08, 0.1 and 0.2[Formula: see text]M), volume of the precursor solution (50, 100, 150 and 200[Formula: see text]mL) and the effect of pulsed spraying at different concentrations (0.01, 0.1 and 0.2[Formula: see text]M). FESEM images showed that the surface morphology has formed like nested micro-fibrous rings with a uniform distribution all over the surface. The XRD patterns revealed that increasing the solution concentration to 0.2[Formula: see text]M shows some peaks which can be attributed to WO3 with the hexagonal crystal structure. Transmission spectra of the samples indicate that all of the prepared samples are transparent in the visible range, with the calculated direct bandgap ranging from about 2.93[Formula: see text]eV to 3.96[Formula: see text]eV, depending on the deposition conditions.

中文翻译：

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喷雾热解沉积参数对 WO3 纳米结构薄膜的形态、光学和结构性能的影响

在这项实验研究中，三氧化钨（WO3) 薄膜使用钨酸铵 ((NH4)2WO4) 通过在玻璃基板顶部进行喷雾热解的简单且具有成本效益的技术。分别使用场发射扫描电子显微镜 (FESEM)、X 射线衍射 (XRD) 图案分析和紫外-可见光谱技术研究了制备样品的表面形态、结构和光学性质。研究的沉积参数是：基板温度（300、350、400、450 和 500∘C)、前体溶液浓度（0.01、0.02、0.04、0.08、0.1和0.2[公式：见正文]M），前体溶液体积（50、100、150和200[公式：见正文]mL）以及不同浓度（0.01、0.1和0.2[公式：见正文]M）的脉冲喷雾效果。FESEM图像显示，表面形态已形成类似嵌套的微纤维环，整个表面分布均匀。XRD 图案显示，将溶液浓度增加到 0.2 [公式：见正文]M 显示出一些可归因于 WO 的峰3具有六方晶体结构。样品的透射光谱表明，所有制备的样品在可见光范围内都是透明的，计算出的直接带隙范围约为2.93[公式：见正文]eV至3.96[公式：见正文]eV，具体取决于沉积条件.