The world is witnessing a transformation from the conventional electrical grid into the smart grid. The smart grid can provide an effective solution to alarming problems associated with a conventional grid with increased reliability, efficiency, and sustainability. Integration of distributed energy resources (DERs) comprising of renewable energy sources (RESs) is a vital component of the smart grid. DERs not only can provide a viable solution for environmental concerns arising due to conventional fossil fuel-based plants, but can also contribute towards the system reliability. However, the integration of DERs is associated with several challenges. Thus, the successful deployment of DERs in smart grid framework calls for a comprehensive analysis. This paper presents an exhaustive review of various challenges associated with increased penetration of DERs. An organized classification of various technical challenges along with their mitigation measures has been critically reviewed. Smart inverters equipped with advanced control structure are emerging as a potential solution to address these challenges effectively. Hence, a review of smart inverter along with its functional capabilities has also been discussed in this paper.

中文翻译：

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分布式能源在智能电网框架中的日益普及：对智能逆变器的挑战、缓解技术和作用的最新评论

世界正在见证从传统电网向智能电网的转变。智能电网可以为与传统电网相关的警报问题提供有效的解决方案，同时提高可靠性、效率和可持续性。包含可再生能源 (RES) 的分布式能源 (DER) 的集成是智能电网的重要组成部分。DER 不仅可以为传统化石燃料发电厂引起的环境问题提供可行的解决方案，而且还可以提高系统的可靠性。然而，分布式能源的整合与几个挑战相关联。因此，在智能电网框架中成功部署 DER 需要进行全面分析。本文详尽回顾了与 DER 渗透率增加相关的各种挑战。对各种技术挑战及其缓解措施的有组织分类进行了严格审查。配备先进控制结构的智能逆变器正在成为有效应对这些挑战的潜在解决方案。因此，本文还讨论了智能逆变器及其功能的回顾。