Numerical modeling of whole blood still faces great challenges although significant progress has been achieved in recent decades, because of the large differences of physical and geometric properties among blood components, including red blood cells (RBCs), platelets (PLTs) and white blood cells (WBCs). In this work, we develop a three-dimensional (3D) smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) model to study the whole blood in shear flow. The immersed boundary method (IBM) is used to deal with the interaction between the fluid and cells, which provides a possibility to model the RBCs, PLTs and WBCs simultaneously. The deformation of a small capsule, comparable to a PLT in size, is first examined to show the feasibility of SPH model for the PLTs’ behaviors. The motion of a single RBC in shear flow is then studied, and three typical modes, tank-treading, swinging and tumbling motions, are reproduced, which further confirm the reliability of the SPH model. After that, a simulation of the whole blood in shear flow is carried out, in which the margination trend is observed for both PLTs and WBC. This shows the capability of SPH model with IBM for the simulation of whole blood.

中文翻译：

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三维剪切流中全血的平滑粒子流体动力学模拟

尽管近几十年取得了重大进展，但全血的数值建模仍面临巨大挑战，因为包括红细胞 (RBC)、血小板 (PLT) 和白细胞在内的血液成分之间的物理和几何特性存在很大差异。白细胞）。在这项工作中，我们开发了一个三维 (3D) 平滑粒子流体动力学 (SPH) 模型来研究剪切流中的全血。浸没边界法 (IBM) 用于处理流体与细胞之间的相互作用，这为同时模拟 RBC、PLT 和 WBC 提供了可能性。首先检查与 PLT 大小相当的小胶囊的变形，以显示 SPH 模型对 PLT 行为的可行性。然后研究了单个 RBC 在剪切流中的运动，以及三种典型的模式，坦克踩踏，再现了摆动和翻滚运动，这进一步证实了 SPH 模型的可靠性。之后，对剪切流中的全血进行模拟，其中观察到 PLT 和 WBC 的边缘趋势。这显示了 IBM 的 SPH 模型模拟全血的能力。