Plectranthus edulis (Vatke) Agnew (Lamiaceae), locally known as Ethiopian potato syno. Ethiopian dinich, is one of the native Ethiopian edible tuber crops that has been significantly contributing to household food security for millions of subsistence farmers. However, its current production is declining to the extent of total extinction from several administrative regions where it used to be widely cultivated. It is one of the less researched crops regardless of being indigenous and its contribution to food security during time of scarcity. Therefore, we intended to assess the level of genetic diversity in 67 accessions, representing nine populations that were collected from diverse agro-ecologies in the country, using ISSR markers and hence, to generate a baseline information that assists marker assisted breeding, conservation and germplasm management efforts. In the present study, ten polymorphic ISSR markers were screened and optimized, that generated an average of 7.4 scorable bands per marker and revealed high overall percent polymorphism (95%), Nei’s gene diversity (h = 0.40) and Shannon index (I = 0.62) suggesting ISSR’s effectiveness in detecting high levels of genetic diversity. A considerably high overall populations gene diversity (Nei’s) (h = 0.32) and Shannon index (I = 0.47) were observed, revealing high potential of the populations for further breeding and conservation efforts particularly for population from Gurage administrative zone, which showed the highest values. Similarly, estimation of pairwise genetic distance revealed the importance of cross breeding population from Awi administrative zone to the rest populations. Analysis of hierarchical molecular variance (AMOVA) showed higher levels of genetic differentiation within populations (92%), and collection regions (94%) suggesting that either clonal mode of propagation in the crop or farmers selection pressure for important agronomic traits or both maintained the original heterozygosity in the crop. UPGMA phylogenetic analysis did not strictly group the populations based on their geographic region of origin, which could be attributed to the widely practiced tuber exchange and hence continuous human mediated exchange of genetic material and sharing of the same genetic base among the geographic regions. The ISSR markers used in the present study were effective in revealing extent and patterns of genetic diversity in P. edulis populations. However, it is important to couple them with agro-morphological traits or codominant molecular markers to get more reliable information for use in breeding and conservation. Several of the potential administrative zones we covered are useful for P. edulis diversification and conservation. However, the crop is currently highly marginalized and this led to rapid decline in population size and loss of valuable agronomic traits. To address this challenge, there is an urgent need to take counteractive measures.

中文翻译：

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在遗传多样性分析左手牛肝菌（Vatke）埃塞俄比亚来自不同地理区域收集Agnew的人群使用-简单间序列重复（ISSR标记）DNA标记系统

Plectranthus edulis（Vatke）Agnew（唇形科），在当地被称为埃塞俄比亚马铃薯合成词。埃塞俄比亚的dinich是埃塞俄比亚本土的食用块茎作物之一，已为数百万自给自足的农民极大地促进了家庭粮食安全。但是，其目前的产量正从过去被广泛种植的几个行政区域完全灭绝的程度。它是研究较少的作物之一，无论它是土著人，还是在稀缺时期对粮食安全的贡献。因此，我们打算使用ISSR标记评估67个种质的遗传多样性水平，这些种质代表了从该国各种农业生态中收集的9个种群，因此，产生了有助于标记辅助育种的基线信息，保护和种质管理方面的努力。在本研究中，筛选并优化了十个多态性ISSR标记，每个标记平均产生7.4条可评分带，显示出较高的整体多态性（95％），Nei基因多样性（h = 0.40）和Shannon指数（I = 0.62） ）表明了ISSR在检测高水平遗传多样性方面的有效性。观察到总体种群的基因多样性（Nei's）（h = 0.32）和香农指数（I = 0.47）相当高，这表明该种群有进一步开展育种和保护工作的潜力，特别是对于来自古拉格行政区的种群而言，潜力最大。价值观。同样，成对遗传距离的估计揭示了从Awi行政区到其余种群的杂交种群的重要性。层次分子方差分析（AMOVA）显示，种群内（92％）和收集区（94％）的遗传分化水平较高，这表明作物的克隆繁殖方式或农民对重要农艺性状的选择压力或两者均保持了作物的原始杂合性。UPGMA系统发育分析并未严格按照原产地地理区域对人群进行分组，这可能归因于广泛使用的块茎交换，因此人类在该地理区域之间连续进行的遗传物质交换和相同遗传基础的共享。本研究中使用的ISSR标记在揭示可食假单胞菌种群遗传多样性的程度和模式方面是有效的。然而，重要的是，将它们与农业形态学特征或显性分子标记相结合，以获得更可靠的信息，以用于育种和保护。我们涵盖的几个潜在的行政区对于食用假单胞菌的多样化和保护很有用。但是，该作物目前处于高度边缘化状态，这导致人口规模迅速下降，并失去了宝贵的农艺性状。为了应对这一挑战，迫切需要采取反措施。