Cancer is one of the most important reasons of mortality in the world. However, there are several therapeutic platforms to treat patients who suffering from cancer common treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy and etc. The current therapeutic approaches are related to some limitations. Hence, more understanding about molecular mechanisms that involved in cancer particularly in breast cancer pathogenesis, could contribute to provide better therapeutic platforms. Recently, non-coding RNAs such as microRNAs have attracted researchers’ attention in the field of cancer due to their functions in gene expression’s regulation and functional interactions with other molecules. Interestingly, great advances in next-generation sequencing lead to considering other roles for another non-coding RNAs subgroup called PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) in addition to their functions in the germline. Novel studies investigated the role of piRNAs in several cancers including lung cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, gastric cancer, multiple myeloma and colorectal cancer. Hopefully, based on new findings, piRNAs may be a potential biomarker which can be used as a tool to diagnose or treat breast cancer. Thus, this review aimed to discuss the role of piRNAs in breast cancer progression and metastasis as well as its molecular mechanisms.

中文翻译：

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PIWI相互作用RNA：乳腺癌诊断和治疗的新生物标记

癌症是世界上最重要的死亡原因之一。但是，有几种治疗平台可以治疗患有癌症的常见治疗方法，例如手术，化学疗法等。当前的治疗方法与某些局限性有关。因此，更多地了解与癌症有关的分子机制，特别是在乳腺癌发病机理中，可能有助于提供更好的治疗平台。近来，非编码RNA（例如microRNA）由于其在基因表达调控中的功能以及与其他分子的功能相互作用而引起了癌症领域的研究者的关注。有趣的是 下一代测序技术的巨大进步导致人们除了考虑其在种系中的功能外，还考虑了另一个称为PIWI相互作用RNA（piRNA）的非编码RNA亚组的其他作用。新颖的研究调查了piRNA在几种癌症中的作用，包括肺癌，肝细胞癌，胃癌，多发性骨髓瘤和结直肠癌。希望基于新发现，piRNAs可能是一种潜在的生物标志物，可以用作诊断或治疗乳腺癌的工具。因此，本综述旨在讨论piRNA在乳腺癌进展和转移中的作用及其分子机制。基于新发现，piRNAs可能是潜在的生物标志物，可用作诊断或治疗乳腺癌的工具。因此，本综述旨在讨论piRNA在乳腺癌进展和转移中的作用及其分子机制。基于新发现，piRNAs可能是潜在的生物标志物，可用作诊断或治疗乳腺癌的工具。因此，本综述旨在讨论piRNA在乳腺癌进展和转移中的作用及其分子机制。