Increase in antimicrobial resistance to antibiotics is the product of the evolution and natural adaptation of microorganisms through mutations and genetic recombination caused by the indiscriminate use of antibiotics and the ineffective control and prevention of infection. The current study analyzes the profile of multiresistant hospital bacteria in two hospitals in Pelotas, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Over the course of 4 months, patient's gender and age, hospital accommodation type, and sample site were evaluated. Two hundred and eighty-six microbiological culture antibiogram reports of hospitalized patients and outpatients of both sexes, between zero and 96 years of age, were analyzed. Bacterium Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most prevalent. The most resistant Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) were K. pneumoniae (27.5%); Acinetobacter baumannii (24.1%); Escherichia coli (14.7%); and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (14.5%). The most resistant Gram-positive cocci (GPC) were Enterococcus faecium (27.5%) and Staphylococcus aureus (25.5%). The classes of antibiotics with the greatest number of resistant GNB included penicillins (84.8%), quinolones (77.5%), and cephalosporins (75.7%). In the case of GPC, the most resistant were macrolides (95.4%); lincosamides (90.3%), and penicillins (77%). Among GNBs, polypeptides had the highest sensitivity rate (81.3%), whereas, among GPC, fusidanes, glycylcyclines, and lipopeptides had 100% sensitivity.

中文翻译：

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耐多药医院细菌：流行病学因素和易感性概况

抗生素耐药性的增加是微生物通过突变和基因重组进化和自然适应的产物，这是由于滥用抗生素和对感染的控制和预防不力造成的。目前的研究分析了巴西南里奥格兰德州佩洛塔斯两家医院的多重耐药性医院细菌的概况。在 4 个月的过程中，对患者的性别和年龄、医院住宿类型和样本地点进行了评估。分析了 286 份 0 至 96 岁住院患者和门诊患者的微生物培养抗菌谱报告。菌肺炎克雷伯氏菌是最普遍的。耐药性最强的革兰氏阴性杆菌 (GNB) 是肺炎克雷伯菌(27.5%); 鲍曼不动杆菌(24.1%); 大肠杆菌（14.7%）；和铜绿假单胞菌(14.5%)。最具耐药性的革兰氏阳性球菌 (GPC) 是屎肠球菌(27.5%) 和金黄色葡萄球菌(25.5%)。耐药 GNB 数量最多的抗生素类别包括青霉素 (84.8%)、喹诺酮 (77.5%) 和头孢菌素 (75.7%)。就 GPC 而言，抗性最强的是大环内酯类 (95.4%)；林可酰胺 (90.3%) 和青霉素 (77%)。在 GNB 中，多肽的灵敏度最高（81.3%），而在 GPC 中，夫西烷、甘氨酰环素和脂肽的灵敏度为 100%。