ABSTRACT Together, puffbirds (Bucconidae) and jacamars (Galbulidae) form the suborder Galbulae, sister group of all other Piciformes. Hitherto, the Galbulae had no ascertained pre-Pleistocene fossil record, and all previous alleged candidates have been refuted, except possibly the Sylphornithidae. Here we describe a wing of a tiny fossil bird from the early Oligocene of the Luberon region (southern France), which we assign to the Galbulae, as a new genus and species. Several characters, especially of the ulna and wing phalanx 1 of digit II, exclude the Passeriformes and Zygodactylidae, and indicate a representative of the Piciformes. Among Piciformes, absence of papillae remigales caudales and several characters of the wing phalanx 1 of digit II make it possible to assign the fossil to the Galbulae, and exclude all other clades. The fossil Sylphornithidae, with the carpometacarpus of Sylphornis being available, show some similarity with the Luberon fossil. The combination of features of the wing elements leads to the placement of the new fossil as stem Galbulae, and tentatively within the family Sylphornithidae. As such, it fills a gap and permits to better assign the whole enigmatic tiny sylphornithids, otherwise essentially known from leg bones. This yields the first firm pre-Pleistocene fossil record for the Galbulae. Today, both the Bucconidae and Galbulidae live exclusively in tropical America. The presence of stem Galbulae in the Oligocene of Europe, and probably the late Eocene, is a new example of a present-day Neotropical clade that had stem representatives in the Paleogene of Europe. LAY SUMMARY A new fossil bird, named Jacamatia luberonensis, found in France and aged 30 myr, is the first pre-Pleistocene fossil for the whole suborder Galbulae (jacamars and puffbirds). The evolution of the total group Galbulae, now an exclusively tropical American clade, involved the Old World. Tentative placement of Jacamatia luberonensis in the fossil family Sylphornithidae helps to clarify the position of the latter enigmatic group of tiny, long-legged piciform birds.

中文翻译：

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一种来自法国南部的渐新世早期干鹪鹩（jacamars 和 puffbirds），以及古近纪 Sylphornithidae 科的位置

摘要 海雀科 (Bucconidae) 和海雀科 (Galbulidae) 一起形成了雀形目亚目雀形目亚目，它们是所有其他 Piciformes 的姐妹群。迄今为止，Galbulae 还没有确定的更新世之前的化石记录，并且所有先前所谓的候选物都被驳斥，可能除了 Sylphornithidae。在这里，我们描述了来自吕贝隆地区（法国南部）渐新世早期的一种小型化石鸟类的翅膀，我们将其指定为 Galbulae，作为一个新的属和种。几个字符，尤其是尺骨和第 II 指骨的第 1 个字符，排除了 Passeriformes 和 Zygodactylidae，并表明了 Piciformes 的代表。在 Piciformes 中，没有 papillae remigales caudales 和数字 II 的翼指骨 1 的几个字符，使得可以将化石归属于 Galbulae，并排除所有其他进化枝。化石 Sylphornithidae 与 Sylphornis 的 carpometacarpus 可用，显示出与 Luberon 化石的一些相似之处。翼元素特征的组合导致新化石被放置为茎 Galbulae，并暂时归入 Sylphornithidae 科。因此，它填补了一个空白，并允许更好地分配整个神秘的微小 sylphornithids，否则基本上从腿骨中得知。这产生了 Galbulae 的第一个牢固的更新世前化石记录。今天，Bucconidae 和 Galbulidae 都只生活在热带美洲。欧洲渐新世（可能是始新世晚期）茎 Galbulae 的存在是当今新热带分支的一个新例子，该分支在欧洲古近纪具有茎代表。概述 一种新的化石鸟类，名为 Jacamatia luberonensis，在法国发现，年龄 30 myr，是整个 Galbulae 亚目（jacamars 和 puffbirds）的第一个更新世前化石。Galbulae 全群的进化，现在是一个纯热带美洲分支，涉及旧世界。Jacamatia luberonensis 在化石家族 Sylphornithidae 中的暂定位置有助于澄清后一个神秘的小型长腿 picform 鸟类群体的位置。