SUMMARY In recent years, the roundworm Ascaridia galli has been found to be the most common poultry parasite, with 64.8% prevalence in flocks globally. It causes a 60–84% decrease in egg and meat production. Profitability is reduced without proper control of A. galli, and a wide range of chemically synthetic anthelmintics are commonly used. Emergence of drug resistance in nematodes has made scientists search for effective replacements. Among the alternatives to anthelmintics, natural products can be used which are more environment, consumer and host friendly, due to lower or no toxic effects. Certain plants exhibit anthelmintic effects through secondary metabolites (SMBs), such as terpenes (glycosides and saponins), phenolic compounds (flavonoids and tannins) and nitrogen-containing compounds (alkaloids, cyanogenic glycosides and non-protein amino acids). Generally, SMBs exhibit control of nematodes by causing starvation, damaging the external membrane, impairing fertility and growth rate and damaging musculature. In this review paper, the studies related to the screening of plants and their SMBs’ activities (both in vivo and in vitro) are discussed. Some plants have efficacy more than 75% and comprehensive information about their taxonomy and dosage has been documented. Plants that have been found with intense efficacy against A. galli include Acanthus ilicifolius (100%), Cleome viscosa (100%), Osmium sanctum (100%), Murraya koenigii (100%), Sesbania grandiflora (90%), Citrus limon (87.5%), Polygonum hydropiper (83.3%), Swietenia macrophylla (76.6%) and Momordica charantia (75%). Important secondary metabolites include terpenoids (51.72%) followed by phenolic compounds (27.58%) and nitrogen-containing compounds (20.68%). Such plant-derived alternatives are almost 50% more cost-effective than synthetic drugs.

中文翻译：

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药用植物次生代谢产物对蛔虫的作用

总结 近年来，蛔虫 Ascaridia galli 被发现是最常见的家禽寄生虫，在全球鸡群中的患病率为 64.8%。它导致鸡蛋和肉类产量减少 60-84%。如果没有适当控制 A. galli，盈利能力就会降低，并且通常使用范围广泛的化学合成驱虫药。线虫耐药性的出现使科学家们开始寻找有效的替代品。在驱虫剂的替代品中，可以使用对环境、消费者和宿主更友好的天然产品，因为它们的毒性作用较低或没有。某些植物通过次级代谢产物 (SMB) 表现出驱虫作用，例如萜烯（糖苷和皂苷）、酚类化合物（黄酮类和单宁）和含氮化合物（生物碱、氰苷和非蛋白质氨基酸）。通常，SMB 通过引起饥饿、破坏外膜、损害生育力和生长速度以及破坏肌肉组织来控制线虫。在这篇综述论文中，讨论了与植物筛选及其 SMB 活动（体内和体外）相关的研究。一些植物的功效超过 75%，并且已经记录了有关其分类和剂量的综合信息。已发现对 A. galli 具有强大功效的植物包括 Acanthus ilicifolius (100%)、Cleome viscosa (100%)、Osmium sanctum (100%)、Murraya koenigii (100%)、Sesbania grandiflora (90%)、柑橘属柠檬(87.5%)、水蓼 (83.3%)、大叶白杨 (76.6%) 和苦瓜 (75%)。重要的次生代谢物包括萜类化合物 (51. 72%) 其次是酚类化合物 (27.58%) 和含氮化合物 (20.68%)。这种植物来源的替代品比合成药物的成本效益高出近 50%。