ABSTRACT The development of novel magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) with satisfactory biocompatibility for biomedical applications has been the subject of extensive exploration over the past two decades. In this work, we synthesized superparamagnetic iron oxide MNPs coated with polystyrene sulfonic acid (PSS-MNPs) and with a conventional co-precipitation method. The core size and hydrodynamic diameter of the PSS-MNPs were determined as 8–18 nm and 50–200 nm with a transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering, respectively. The saturation magnetization of the particles was measured as 60 emu g−1 with a superconducting quantum-interference-device magnetometer. The PSS content in the PSS-MNPs was 17% of the entire PSS-MNPs according to thermogravimetric analysis. Fourier-transform infrared spectra were recorded to detect the presence of SO3− groups, which confirmed a successful PSS coating. The structural properties of the PSS-MNPs, including the crystalline lattice, composition and phases, were characterized with an X-ray powder diffractometer and 3D nanometer-scale Raman microspectrometer. MTT assay and Prussian-blue staining showed that, although PSS-MNPs caused no cytotoxicity in both NIH-3T3 mouse fibroblasts and SK-HEP1 human liver-cancer cells up to 1000 μg mL−1, SK-HEP1 cells exhibited significantly greater uptake of PSS-MNPs than NIH-3T3 cells. The low cytotoxicity and high biocompatibility of PSS-MNPs in human cancer cells demonstrated in the present work might have prospective applications for drug delivery.

中文翻译：

---

用于生物医学应用的聚苯乙烯磺酸包覆磁性纳米颗粒的合成和表征

摘要 在过去的二十年中，开发具有令人满意的生物相容性的新型磁性纳米颗粒（MNP）用于生物医学应用一直是广泛探索的主题。在这项工作中，我们采用传统的共沉淀方法合成了涂有聚苯乙烯磺酸的超顺磁性氧化铁MNP（PSS-MNP）。通过透射电子显微镜和动态光散射测定 PSS-MNP 的核心尺寸和流体动力学直径分别为 8-18 nm 和 50-200 nm。使用超导量子干涉装置磁力计测量颗粒的饱和磁化强度为 60 emu g−1。根据热重分析，PSS-MNP 中的 PSS 含量为整个 PSS-MNP 的 17%。记录傅立叶变换红外光谱以检测 SO3− 基团的存在，这证实了 PSS 涂层的成功。使用 X 射线粉末衍射仪和 3D 纳米级拉曼显微光谱仪对 PSS-MNP 的结构特性（包括晶格、成分和相）进行了表征。MTT 测定和普鲁士蓝染色表明，尽管 PSS-MNP 在 NIH-3T3 小鼠成纤维细胞和 SK-HEP1 人肝癌细胞中没有引起细胞毒性（高达 1000 μg mL−1），但 SK-HEP1 细胞表现出明显更高的吸收PSS-MNP 细胞优于 NIH-3T3 细胞。目前的工作证明了 PSS-MNP 在人类癌细胞中的低细胞毒性和高生物相容性可能在药物输送方面具有潜在的应用。