ABSTRACT We have investigated the effectiveness of a new soybean fertilization technique, named crack fertilization, which involves the application of nodule bacteria on biochar to soybean roots through cracks formed between planting rows during midterm tillage. In the present study, the factors and timing of crack fertilization were investigated in an upland field converted from a paddy. The variables investigated were: 1) crack formation without the application of any agricultural materials, and 2) the application of biochar or 3) nodule bacteria on biochar into cracks. The treatment periods were: 1) before sowing, 2) during midterm tillage, and 3) during both periods. The combination of crack fertilization and reduced tillage was also tested. The method of crack fertilization that increased yield was the combination of crack formation and the application of biochar, and the most effective period for the treatment was before sowing in the reduced tillage field. Seed yields in conventional and reduced tillage fields were comparable in the upland field converted from the paddy. These results suggest that the application of biochar into cracks after scratching the soil surface to remove weeds before sowing is a practical method of increasing soybean yield in upland fields converted from paddies. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

中文翻译：

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裂化施肥技术有效提高水田转旱地大豆产量

摘要 我们研究了一种名为裂隙施肥的新型大豆施肥技术的有效性，该技术涉及通过中期耕作期间种植行之间形成的裂隙将生物炭上的根瘤细菌应用于大豆根部。在本研究中，在由稻田转变的旱地中研究了裂缝施肥的因素和时机。调查的变量是：1) 不使用任何农业材料的裂缝形成，和 2) 生物炭的应用或 3) 生物炭上的结核菌进入裂缝。处理期为：1）播种前，2）中期耕作，3）两个时期。还测试了裂缝施肥和少耕的组合。提高产量的裂缝施肥方法是裂缝形成和生物炭的施用相结合，最有效的处理时期是在减耕田播种前。传统耕地和少耕地的种子产量与由稻田转化的旱地的种子产量相当。这些结果表明，在播种前刮除土壤表面以去除杂草后，将生物炭应用于裂缝中是提高由稻田转化的旱地大豆产量的实用方法。图形概要 这些结果表明，在播种前刮除土壤表面以去除杂草后，将生物炭应用于裂缝中是提高由稻田转化的旱地大豆产量的实用方法。图形概要 这些结果表明，在播种前刮除土壤表面以去除杂草后，将生物炭应用于裂缝中是提高由稻田转化的旱地大豆产量的实用方法。图形概要