ABSTRACT Ultrafine bubbles (UFBs) exhibit a number of unique physical characteristics; however, reports on plant growth enhancement by UFB application are controversial. Here, we report experiments conducted to test whether UFB technology effectively promotes plant growth. We analyzed the effects of three experimental factors: water (UFB addition), hypoxia (aeration), and fluid movement (stirring) on the growth of soybean seedlings cultured hydroponically under low and high nutrition levels in a controlled environment room under artificial lighting for 8 days. When no nutrients were supplied, positive UFB water effects were evident, but low nutrition reduced UFB water-mediated growth enhancement and high nutrition totally obliterated any growth enhancement by UFB water. We concluded that UFB water-induced growth enhancement was effective and significant under nutrient deficit stress but no growth enhancement was observed, and even negative effects were evident, under favorable plant growth conditions. Graphical abstract

中文翻译：

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超细气泡在营养缺乏胁迫下有效促进大豆幼苗生长

摘要 超细气泡 (UFB) 具有许多独特的物理特性；然而，关于 UFB 应用促进植物生长的报道是有争议的。在这里，我们报告了为测试 UFB 技术是否有效促进植物生长而进行的实验。我们分析了三个实验因素：水（UFB 添加）、缺氧（曝气）和流体运动（搅拌）对在人工照明的受控环境室中在低营养水平和高营养水平下水培培养 8 年的大豆幼苗生长的影响。天。当不提供养分时，正的 UFB 水效应很明显，但低营养降低了 UFB 水介导的生长促进作用，而高营养完全消除了 UFB 水对生长的任何促进作用。我们得出结论，UFB 水诱导的生长促进在营养缺乏胁迫下是有效且显着的，但在有利的植物生长条件下，没有观察到生长促进，甚至负面影响也很明显。图形概要