ABSTRACT Nehnar glacier is located in the Sindh sub-basin of the Jhelum River in the Kashmir Himalayas. We studied the dynamic response of the glacier (area, snout, Equilibrium Line Altitude (ELA), specific mass balance, volume) using Survey of India (SOI) toposheets and Landsat imagery series from 1962 to 2017. The results show that this glacier has lost an area of 1.4 km2 (50.35%) during this period of 55 years. The snout position and ELA have risen significantly, with varying rates at different time intervals. The specific mass balance of the glacier changed from −2.3 cm water equivalent (w.e.) to −35.1 cm w.e. during this period, with a loss of glacier volume from 0.17 km3 to 0.07 km3. Annual mean maximum (Tmax) and mean minimum (Tmin) temperatures show significant increases, whereas an insignificant decrease in precipitation has been recorded from 1980 to 2016. The continuous glacier retreat will have a significant impact on streamflow, agriculture, and other sectors of the Kashmir Himalayas.

中文翻译：

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1962-2017年印度克什米尔喜马拉雅山杰赫勒姆盆地内纳尔冰川时空变化特征

摘要内纳尔冰川位于克什米尔喜马拉雅山脉杰赫勒姆河信德分流域。我们使用印度调查 (SOI) 地形表和 Landsat 影像系列研究了 1962 年至 2017 年冰川的动态响应（面积、口鼻部、平衡线高度 (ELA)、比质量平衡、体积）。结果表明该冰川具有在这 55 年的时间里，失去了 1.4 平方公里（50.35%）的面积。鼻子位置和 ELA 显着上升，在不同的时间间隔有不同的速率。在此期间，冰川的比质量平衡从 -2.3 cm 水当量 (we) 变为 -35.1 cm we，冰川体积从 0.17 km3 减少到 0.07 km3。年平均最高 (Tmax) 和平均最低 (Tmin) 温度显着增加，