Schistosomiasis is a tropical disease caused by the digenean parasite Schistosoma mansoni. In South America it is transmitted to humans via freshwater snails of the genus Biomphalaria. In a global warming scenario, disease range expansions to subtropical countries are possible. For the first time, the distributions and genetic identification of Biomphalaria specimens in border regions of Uruguay are reported. The inclusion of Uruguayan samples allows a better understanding of the relationships between and within taxa of Biomphalaria. Samples were collected between 2015 and 2016 using hand nets. Initially, they were classified morphologically. They were then classified genetically by analysing a fragment of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the presence of B. peregrina and B. occidentalis. Species belonging to the B. tenagophila complex were also recognised. Individuals initially identified from their external morphology as B. tenagophila tenagophila showed inconsistencies with the analysis of COI sequences that assigned them to B. occidentalis. Since the presence of schistosomiasis in Uruguay is likely to occur in the next few years, an exhaustive population survey of Biomphalaria taxa should be urgently developed to identify the presence of S. mansoni and the places most susceptible to be colonised by these snails.

血吸虫病是一种由双基因寄生曼氏血吸虫引起的热带病。在南美，它通过Biomphalaria属的淡水蜗牛传播给人类。在全球变暖的情况下，疾病范围可能扩大到亚热带国家。首次报道了乌拉圭边境地区的Biomphalaria标本的分布和遗传鉴定。包括乌拉圭样品使人们可以更好地了解Biomphalaria分类群之间及其内部的关系。在2015年至2016年之间使用手网收集了样本。最初，将它们按形态分类。然后通过分析细胞色素的片段对它们进行遗传分类c氧化酶亚基I基因。系统发育分析表明存在百日咳博德特氏菌和西方双歧杆菌。还识别出属于藤杆菌芽孢杆菌复合物的物种。最初从其外部形态中识别为tenagophila tenagophila的个体显示出与将他们分配给西方双歧杆菌的COI序列分析不一致。由于乌拉圭可能在未来几年内发生血吸虫病，因此，应紧急开展详尽的Biomphalaria分类群人口调查，以鉴定曼氏链球菌的存在。 以及最容易被这些蜗牛定殖的地方。