ABSTRACT Powder mixed-electro discharge machining (PM-EDM) is a new emerging trend in research on electro-thermal process that can simultaneously shape and deposit a coating on the surface of the workpiece. PM-EDM is a hybridized form of EDM in which metallic powders are amalgamated in dielectric liquid to enhance both the machined surface condition and machining performance. Migration of materials on the cutting surface occurs by melting and chemical reactions during the operation from both the electrodes and metallic powders. 316L stainless steel, Ti-based alloys, Co-Mo-Cr-based alloys, magnesium and magnesium-based alloys are commonly utilized in manufacturing biomedical devices. These biomaterials, however, release toxic particles due to corrosion, wear, tear, and tiredness of the joint replacements through repeated loads and relative movements. Surfaces of bio-implants made from these biomaterials are therefore protected using bioactive and biocompatible coating. Several methods of deposition are used for coating purposes which have both advantage and drawback. This study proposes that the PM-EDM coating enhances the biomaterials’ mechanical characteristics, surface morphology, and topography. Through reflecting critical and analytical concerns, this review focuses extensively on the current progress of the PM-EDM process. Moreover, following various research initiatives, this paper outlines the critical challenges and future research scopes.

中文翻译：

---

用于潜在生物医学应用的粉末混合电火花加工：批判性评论

摘要粉末混合放电加工（PM-EDM）是电热加工研究中的一个新兴趋势，它可以同时在工件表面形成和沉积涂层。PM-EDM 是一种混合形式的 EDM，其中金属粉末在介电液体中混合，以提高加工表面状况和加工性能。切割表面上的材料迁移是由于电极和金属粉末在操作过程中发生熔化和化学反应而发生的。316L 不锈钢、Ti 基合金、Co-Mo-Cr 基合金、镁和镁基合金通常用于制造生物医学设备。然而，这些生物材料会因腐蚀、磨损、撕裂、关节置换物因反复负荷和相对运动而疲劳。因此，使用生物活性和生物相容性涂层保护由这些生物材料制成的生物植入物的表面。几种沉积方法用于涂层目的，它们既有优点也有缺点。该研究提出 PM-EDM 涂层增强了生物材料的机械特性、表面形态和形貌。通过反映关键和分析问题，本次审查广泛关注 PM-EDM 过程的当前进展。此外，根据各种研究计划，本文概述了关键挑战和未来的研究范围。几种沉积方法用于涂层目的，它们既有优点也有缺点。该研究提出 PM-EDM 涂层增强了生物材料的机械特性、表面形态和形貌。通过反映关键和分析问题，本次审查广泛关注 PM-EDM 过程的当前进展。此外，根据各种研究计划，本文概述了关键挑战和未来的研究范围。几种沉积方法用于涂层目的，它们既有优点也有缺点。该研究提出 PM-EDM 涂层增强了生物材料的机械特性、表面形态和形貌。通过反映关键和分析问题，本次审查广泛关注 PM-EDM 过程的当前进展。此外，根据各种研究计划，本文概述了关键挑战和未来的研究范围。