Shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes) is one of the most commonly consumed mushrooms and an important forest product in Japan. In outdoor log cultivation of shiitake, colonization of logs by wild fungi is an important factor affecting mushroom yield. In this study, we investigated the fungal communities in logs used for shiitake cultivation in three management conditions (two artificial laying yards and a forest floor) via isolation and molecular identification of individual species and examined their association with shiitake production. The isolation frequency of shiitake mycelia explained the mushroom yield, demonstrating that mycelial occupancy of logs is a useful indicator of mushroom yield. The occurrence pattern of other fungal species explained some of the variations in shiitake production, and white-rot fungi especially were found to be associated with mushroom yield. Although management conditions during the spawn run did not influence the richness and composition of fungi in logs, the isolation frequency of wild fungi differed among the treatments.

香菇（香菇））是日本最常用的蘑菇之一，也是重要的林产品。在香菇的室外原木栽培中，野生真菌对原木的定殖是影响蘑菇产量的重要因素。在这项研究中，我们通过对单个物种的分离和分子鉴定，在三种管理条件（两个人工产蛋场和一个森林地面）上调查了用于香菇栽培的原木中的真菌群落，并研究了它们与香菇生产的关系。香菇菌丝体的分离频率解释了蘑菇的产量，表明原木的菌丝体占有率是蘑菇产量的有用指标。其他真菌种类的发生模式解释了香菇生产中的一些变化，特别是白腐真菌与蘑菇产量有关。