Open systems have been of interest to the research and industrial community for decades, e.g. software development, telecommunication, and innovation. The presence of open manufacturing enterprises in a cloud calls for broadly interpretable models. Though there is no global standard for representation of digital models of processes and systems in a cloud, the existing process modelling methodologies and languages are of interest to the manufacturing cloud. The models residing in the cloud need to be configured and reconfigured to meet different objectives, including complexity reduction and interpretability which coincide with the resilience requirements. Digitisation, greater openness, and growing service orientation of manufacturing offer opportunities to address resilience at the design rather than the operations stage. An algorithm is presented for complexity reduction of digital models. The complexity reduction algorithm decomposes complex structures and enhances interpretability and visibility of their components. The same algorithm and its variants could serve other known concepts supporting resilience such as modularity of products and processes as well as delayed product differentiation. The ideas introduced in the paper and the complexity reduction algorithm of digital models are illustrated with examples. Properties of the graph and matrix representations produced by the algorithm are discussed.

中文翻译：

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开放式制造：弹性设计方法

数十年来，研究和工业界一直对开放系统感兴趣，例如软件开发、电信和创新。云中开放制造企业的存在需要可广泛解释的模型。虽然没有用于在云中表示流程和系统的数字模型的全球标准，但现有的流程建模方法和语言对制造云很感兴趣。驻留在云中的模型需要配置和重新配置以满足不同的目标，包括与弹性要求相一致的复杂性降低和可解释性。制造业的数字化、更大的开放性和日益增长的服务导向提供了在设计而不是运营阶段解决弹性问题的机会。提出了一种降低数字模型复杂度的算法。复杂度降低算法分解复杂结构并增强其组件的可解释性和可见性。相同的算法及其变体可以服务于支持弹性的其他已知概念，例如产品和流程的模块化以及延迟的产品差异化。文中介绍的思想和数字模型的复杂度降低算法通过实例加以说明。讨论了算法产生的图形和矩阵表示的特性。相同的算法及其变体可以服务于支持弹性的其他已知概念，例如产品和流程的模块化以及延迟的产品差异化。文中介绍的思想和数字模型的复杂度降低算法通过实例加以说明。讨论了算法产生的图形和矩阵表示的特性。相同的算法及其变体可以服务于支持弹性的其他已知概念，例如产品和流程的模块化以及延迟的产品差异化。文中介绍的思想和数字模型的复杂度降低算法通过实例加以说明。讨论了算法产生的图形和矩阵表示的特性。