ABSTRACT Supply chains are becoming increasingly complex, and many companies and researchers are looking to nature for finding solutions. In this paper, we provide a narrative synthesis and systematic review to explore state-of-the-art, and identify key areas for exploration of nature inspired solutions in the supply chain area. We consider strategic, tactical, and operational decisions within supply chains and identify analogies between biological systems and supply chains to create a new research agenda. Our findings show that the majority of the research in nature inspired supply chains from the systemic perspective focuses on closed loop supply chains. In contrast, similar systemic solutions such as industrial symbiosis, circular economy, and industrial ecology have not been explored as frequently. Reducing production waste (industrial symbiosis) in addition to end-of-life product waste (closed loop supply chains), optimising raw material use and extending the life of used resources (circular economy), investigating the interactions between biosphere and technosphere (industrial ecology), and seeking solutions to industrial problems from nature (biomimicry) are all possible paths for reaching a zero-waste economy. These systemic solutions have a considerable impact on the supply chains at the strategic, tactical, and operational levels, which need to be explored to identify efficient and effective solutions.

中文翻译：

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自然启发的供应链解决方案：定义、类比和未来研究方向

摘要 供应链正变得越来越复杂，许多公司和研究人员正在寻找自然的解决方案。在本文中，我们提供了叙述性综合和系统回顾，以探索最先进的技术，并确定在供应链领域探索自然启发解决方案的关键领域。我们考虑供应链中的战略、战术和运营决策，并确定生物系统和供应链之间的类比，以创建新的研究议程。我们的研究结果表明，自然界中从系统角度出发的大部分研究都集中在闭环供应链上。相比之下，产业共生、循环经济、产业生态等类似的系统性解决方案却没有被频繁探索。除报废产品废物（闭环供应链）外，还减少生产废物（工业共生），优化原材料使用并延长所用资源的寿命（循环经济），研究生物圈和技术圈之间的相互作用（工业生态） )，以及从自然中寻求工业问题的解决方案（仿生学）都是实现零废物经济的可能途径。这些系统性解决方案在战略、战术和运营层面对供应链产生了相当大的影响，需要对其进行探索以确定高效和有效的解决方案。研究生物圈和技术圈（工业生态）之间的相互作用，从自然中寻找工业问题的解决方案（仿生学）都是实现零废物经济的可能途径。这些系统性解决方案在战略、战术和运营层面对供应链产生了相当大的影响，需要对其进行探索以确定高效和有效的解决方案。研究生物圈和技术圈（工业生态）之间的相互作用，从自然中寻找工业问题的解决方案（仿生学）都是实现零废物经济的可能途径。这些系统性解决方案在战略、战术和运营层面对供应链产生了相当大的影响，需要对其进行探索以确定高效和有效的解决方案。