ABSTRACT

This study aims to (1) determine the seasonalities and spatial and temporal rates of change of MODIS-based daytime and nighttime land surface temperature (LST) for the last 19 years from 2000 to 2018 and (2) investigate whether these rates are induced by natural (represented by elevation) or anthropogenic (represented by population counts) forcing. The study area is Jordan – a typical Middle Eastern semi-arid to arid country. Time-series additive seasonal decomposition and simple linear regression produced the following results. (1) For both daytime and nighttime the highest LST values were observed in June while the lowest LST values were observed in December. (2) No significant linear rates of change of LST were noticed in daytime, while significant linear rates of increase of LST, which varied from 0.041°C/year to 0.119°C/year, were observed in nighttime in about one-third of the area of the country mainly in the western parts. (3) The significant linear rates of increase of nighttime LST increased significantly by 0.005°C/year for every 1,000 m increase in elevation and by 0.003°C/year for every 1,000 people increase in population counts. (4) Both natural and anthropogenic factors affected LST in nighttime; however, anthropogenic factors seemed to be more important than natural factors.

摘要

这项研究的目的是（1）确定从2000年到2018年的最近19年中基于MODIS的白天和夜间地表温度（LST）的季节变化和时空变化率，以及（2）研究这些变化率是否是由自然（由海拔表示）或人为（由人口计数表示）强迫。研究区域是约旦–典型的中东半干旱至干旱国家。时间序列加性季节性分解和简单线性回归得出以下结果。（1）在白天和夜间，6月观测到的最高LST值均在12月观测到最低的LST值。（2）在白天，没有发现LST的线性变化率显着，而LST的线性变化率却在0.041°C /年至0.119°C /年之间变化，在夜间，在该国三分之一的地区（主要在西部地区）观察到这种病毒。（3）夜间LST的显着线性增加率，每增加1000 m海拔，则显着增加0.005°C /年，每增加1000人，则增加0.003°C /年。（4）夜间自然因素和人为因素都会影响LST；然而，人为因素似乎比自然因素更为重要。