Abstract This study assesses the global economic and environmental impacts of United States manufacturing industries over a 20-year period, covering the areas of economics, climate change, and water and energy use. It covers 35 industries located in 40 major economies and the Rest of the World (ROW) from 1995 to 2014. To measure the global sustainability impacts generated by the activity of U.S. manufacturing industries, a multi-region input-output (MRIO) modeling approach is proposed, and twenty MRIO models were built to conduct a time-series analysis. The findings indicate that economic impacts increased both domestically and globally, except in the year 2008, and that the intensity of environmental impacts decreased substantially, while cumulative environmental impacts exhibited a non-decreasing trend. The three categories under investigation were found to be strongly linked, which calls for further policy developments by engineering managers, who should take into account all of the categories together, rather than singly.

中文翻译：

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能源气候水关系：美国制造业的全球可持续性影响评估

摘要 本研究评估了 20 年来美国制造业对全球经济和环境的影响，涵盖经济、气候变化以及水和能源使用等领域。它涵盖了 1995 年至 2014 年间位于 40 个主要经济体和世界其他地区 (ROW) 的 35 个行业。 为了衡量美国制造业活动产生的全球可持续性影响，采用多区域投入产出 (MRIO) 建模方法提出了 20 个 MRIO 模型来进行时间序列分析。研究结果表明，除2008年外，国内和全球经济影响均有所增加，环境影响强度大幅下降，而累积环境影响则呈非减少趋势。