Abstract Globally, Indigenous Marine Areas are contributing to ocean sustainability by protecting key habitats and species whilst safeguarding customary uses for local communities. They are emerging as one of the key political mechanisms that can counteract the ravages of the blue Anthropocene. Nevertheless, their contributions are threatened by the accelerating expansion of economic activities, and exclusionary marine governance systems, affecting both marine biodiversity and human wellbeing. In southern Chile, indigenous communities have been countering the expansion of the salmon farms by promoting the establishment of Espacios Costeros Marinos para Pueblos Originarios (here called Indigenous Marine Areas or IMAs). These IMAs are being developed by coastal communities to protect traditional or customary coastal uses, and revitalizing culture whilst contributing to marine conservation. Using a relational theoretical approach and mixed methods, the paper presents the major trends in the implementation of IMAs in Chile. Through the case of the Los Lagos Region, it shows how the action-network that pursued the designation of IMAs is continuing today. The paper stresses the role of conservation assemblages to lead collective actions, showing how these constellations of agents have been interacting during the decision-making process and institutional building, whilst promoting the establishment of IMAs as place-based democratic mechanism to promote the sustainability of the southern Chile.

中文翻译：

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海洋土著地区：智利南部可持续发展的保护组合

摘要 在全球范围内，土著海洋区域通过保护关键栖息地和物种，同时保护当地社区的习惯用途，为海洋可持续性做出了贡献。它们正在成为可以抵消蓝色人类世破坏的关键政治机制之一。然而，它们的贡献受到经济活动加速扩张和排他性海洋治理系统的威胁，影响到海洋生物多样性和人类福祉。在智利南部，土著社区一直在通过推动建立 Espacios Costeros Marinos para Pueblos Originarios（这里称为土著海洋区或 IMA）来对抗鲑鱼养殖场的扩张。沿海社区正在开发这些 IMA，以保护传统或习惯的沿海用途，振兴文化，同时为海洋保护做出贡献。本文使用关系理论方法和混合方法，介绍了智利实施 IMA 的主要趋势。通过洛斯拉各斯地区的案例，它展示了追求指定 IMA 的行动网络如何在今天继续下去。该论文强调了保护组合在领导集体行动中的作用，展示了这些代理人在决策过程和制度建设中如何相互作用，同时促进建立 IMA 作为基于地方的民主机制，以促进保护的可持续性智利南部。通过洛斯拉各斯地区的案例，它展示了追求指定 IMA 的行动网络如何在今天继续下去。该论文强调了保护组合在领导集体行动中的作用，展示了这些代理人在决策过程和制度建设中如何相互作用，同时促进建立 IMA 作为基于地方的民主机制，以促进保护的可持续性智利南部。通过洛斯拉各斯地区的案例，它展示了追求指定 IMA 的行动网络如何在今天继续下去。该论文强调了保护组合在领导集体行动中的作用，展示了这些代理人在决策过程和制度建设中如何相互作用，同时促进建立 IMA 作为基于地方的民主机制，以促进保护的可持续性智利南部。