Rice plants mediate carbon (C) emission from paddy soils but also absorb it as carbon dioxide (CO₂) during photosynthesis. This means that net C emission could vary depending on rice cultivation techniques, which is not well documented in Asian regions. In the present investigation, the effect of different C sources on major greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes and their relationships between C inputs and outputs were established by using closed static chamber technique. Total methane (CH₄), nitrous oxide (N₂O) and CO₂ emissions were significantly higher with integrated plant nutrient system (IPNS) based fertilization with cowdung (CD), poultry manure (PM) and vermicompost (VC) than chemical fertilizer alone. Net ecosystem C budget (NECB) was positive with CD-IPNS (52–54 kg C ha⁻¹), PM-IPNS (62–64 kg C ha⁻¹) and VC-IPNS (53–56 kg C ha⁻¹) but negative with chemical fertilization (−7 to −8 kg C ha⁻¹). In control and chemical fertilizer treatments, net CO₂ sequestration was negative (−602 and −87 kg CO₂ ha⁻¹), but organic amendments showed positive CO₂ sequestration that varied from 68 to 94 kg CO₂ ha⁻¹ during the study periods. Organic amendment significantly improved CO₂ capturing capacity by about 17–22 gm kg⁻¹ grain yield compared to chemical fertilization (−24 to −25 gm kg⁻¹). Rice yield also enhanced by about 14–23% with organic amendments compared to chemical fertilizer treatment. In conclusion, use of organic C sources would be very valuable practice to increase net CO₂ sequestration and wet season rice yield under tropical climatic conditions.

水稻植物介导稻田土壤中的碳（C）排放，但在光合作用过程中也以二氧化碳（CO ₂）的形式吸收。这意味着净碳排放量可能会因水稻栽培技术而异，这在亚洲地区尚无充分的文献记载。在本研究中，使用封闭式静态室技术建立了不同碳源对主要温室气体通量的影响及其在碳输入与输出之间的关系。甲烷（CH ₄），一氧化二氮（N ₂ O）和CO ₂总量与仅使用化肥相比，采用牛粪（CD），家禽粪便（PM）和integrated堆肥（VC）的综合植物营养系统（IPNS）施肥的排放量显着更高。CD-IPNS（52–54 kg C ha ^-1），PM-IPNS（62–64 kg C ha ^-1）和VC-IPNS（53–56 kg C ha ^-1）的净生态系统C预算（NECB）为正），但化学施肥（-7至-8 kg C ha ^-1）为负。在对照和化学肥料处理中，净CO ₂固存为负（-602和-87 kg CO ₂ ha ^-1），但是有机改良剂显示出正CO ₂固存，变化范围为68至94 kg CO ₂ ha ^-1在学习期间。与化学施肥相比（-24至-25 gm kg ^-1），有机改良剂显着提高了约17-22 gm kg ^-1谷物产量的CO ₂捕获能力。与化学肥料处理相比，有机改良的水稻产量也提高了约14-23％。总之，在热带气候条件下，使用有机碳源将是增加净CO ₂固存和增加湿季水稻产量的非常有价值的实践。