Using country’s ecological footprint, the present empirical study aims to analyze the influence of the economic growth, energy consumption, and globalization on ecological footprint in the Environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) model for the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries; namely Bahrain, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the UAE covering the period 1991-2017. By employing panel econometric approaches that considered issues of heterogeneity and cross sectional dependence, we find that all variables are first-difference stationary by using the cross-sectional augmented IPS (CIPS) and the cross-sectional augmented Dickey-Fuller (CADF) unit root tests. There exists a long-run relationship among examined variables tested by using the Westerlund cointegration tests statistics. By employing the dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS), and the fully modified ordinary least square (FMOLS), we also find that increase in the consumption of energy and globalization increases the ecological footprint, and the EKC hypothesis is not supported for the GCC countries. From the outcome of this empirical work a number of policy implications have been discussed in the study.

本实证研究旨在利用该国的生态足迹，在海湾合作委员会（GCC）国家的环境库兹涅茨曲线（EKC）模型中分析经济增长，能源消耗和全球化对生态足迹的影响；包括1991-2017年期间的巴林，阿曼，卡塔尔，沙特阿拉伯和阿联酋。通过采用考虑异质性和横截面依赖性问题的面板计量经济学方法，我们发现使用横截面增强IPS（CIPS）和横截面增强Dickey-Fuller（CADF）单位根，所有变量都是一阶平稳的测试。使用Westerlund协整检验统计数据检验的检验变量之间存在长期的关系。通过使用动态普通最小二乘法（DOLS），以及经过完全修改的普通最小二乘（FMOLS），我们还发现能源消耗的增加和全球化增加了生态足迹，海湾合作委员会国家不支持EKC假设。从这项实证研究的结果来看，研究中讨论了许多政策含义。