ABSTRACT Maned wolves are difficult to observe in the wild because of their low densities and their cryptic and crepuscular-nocturnal habits. Exploring their long-range acoustic communication may offer an efficient alternative to study the species. Here we evaluated the applicability of playbacks to study maned wolves in the wild and compare the results with 20 nights of passive recordings on the same area and month during the previous year. We obtained vocal responses on 3 of 6 nights tested, including responses involving two animals and an approach after an interactive playback. Although we conducted 3–6 playback sessions each day at different times, we only obtained vocal responses during sessions between 17:00 and 19:40. During our passive recordings we detected on average 0.86 roar-bark sequences per recorder per night, mostly during the first half of the night. Vocal activity – responses and spontaneous roar-bark sequences – during playback nights was nearly 4 times greater than during the passive recordings. We conclude that playbacks stimulate maned wolves to emit roar-barks and that this method is applicable to test hypotheses about maned wolf behaviour and aid in their monitoring.

中文翻译：

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使用回放来监控和调查野生鬃狼的行为

摘要 鬃狼在野外很难被观察到，因为它们的密度低，而且它们的夜间习性很神秘。探索它们的远程声学通信可能为研究该物种提供一种有效的替代方法。在这里，我们评估了回放在野外研究鬃狼的适用性，并将结果与​​上一年同一地区和同一月份的 20 晚被动记录进行比较。我们在测试的 6 个晚上中的 3 个晚上获得了声音响应，包括涉及两只动物的响应和交互式播放后的方法。虽然我们每天在不同时间进行 3-6 次回放会话，但我们只在 17:00 到 19:40 之间的会话期间获得了声音响应。在我们的被动录音过程中，我们平均每晚检测到每台录音机 0.86 个咆哮声序列，主要是在前半夜。声音活动 - 反应和自发的咆哮声序列 - 在播放之夜几乎是被动录音期间的 4 倍。我们得出结论，回放会刺激鬃狼发出咆哮声，并且这种方法适用于检验有关鬃狼行为的假设并帮助对其进行监控。